
Choose · Method · Method version 1.2.0
Rating method
WhatTheChain rates products, not people. A rating describes measurable, documented properties of a product against published criteria. You set the weighting, and the comparison shows how products rank under it.
Photo: Christian Agbede (Unsplash License)
1 · Principles
Guidance without advice is a construction, not a disclaimer
Four of the seven editorial principles decide how ratings work. A feature, a text or an assistant answer that breaks one goes back before release.
Properties, not persons
We rate products and describe assets. We never rate people, portfolios or life situations, and never ask about age, income, wealth, horizon or risk tolerance.
“How important is control to you?”, never “How old are you?”
Public, not personal
Every result is reachable by anyone through a URL and computed from the published method and visible weights. No account individualises a result.
Teach, don’t select
We provide the vocabulary, the mechanics, the data and the comparison tool. The reader makes the selection.
Show all sides
Every product has strengths and weaknesses, shown with the same weight. A ranking says how products rank under a weighting, nothing more.
2 · Criteria catalogues
Criteria and default weights
The default weighting is a published convention, not a judgement of what matters to a particular reader. On a comparison you set your own.
Frontier: the highest score for the criterion among the rated, current products of the category in this release.
Exchanges and brokers
Platforms where customers buy, sell and hold crypto assets through an account, either on an order book or with the platform as counterparty. The platform usually holds the assets for its customers until they withdraw them to their own address. Rated on security, control, cost, regulatory status, privacy, usability, liquidity and execution, and fiat access.
| Criterion | Default weight | Frontier |
|---|---|---|
| Security | 25 | none yet |
| Control and sovereignty | 20 | none yet |
| Cost | 15 | none yet |
| Regulatory status | 15 | none yet |
| Privacy and data | 10 | none yet |
| Usability and support | 5 | none yet |
| Liquidity and execution | 5 | none yet |
| Fiat access | 5 | none yet |
Hardware wallets
Dedicated physical devices that generate and hold private keys offline and sign transactions on the device, used together with companion software on a computer or phone. Rated on security, control, cost, regulatory status, privacy, usability, recovery options and compatibility.
| Criterion | Default weight | Frontier |
|---|---|---|
| Security | 25 | none yet |
| Control and sovereignty | 20 | none yet |
| Cost | 10 | none yet |
| Regulatory status | 10 | none yet |
| Privacy and data | 15 | none yet |
| Usability and support | 10 | none yet |
| Recovery options | 5 | none yet |
| Compatibility | 5 | none yet |
Mobile wallets
Wallet apps for phones, custodial (the provider holds the keys and the user holds a claim) or non-custodial (the user holds the keys on the phone). The custody model is stated on every product and measured under the control criterion. Rated on the same criteria as hardware wallets.
| Criterion | Default weight | Frontier |
|---|---|---|
| Security | 25 | none yet |
| Control and sovereignty | 20 | none yet |
| Cost | 10 | none yet |
| Regulatory status | 10 | none yet |
| Privacy and data | 15 | none yet |
| Usability and support | 10 | none yet |
| Recovery options | 5 | none yet |
| Compatibility | 5 | none yet |
On-ramps
Services that convert money in a national currency into crypto assets, or back, typically for a single purchase or sale by card or bank transfer, often with delivery to an address the customer chooses and without a lasting trading account. Rated on the same criteria as exchanges.
| Criterion | Default weight | Frontier |
|---|---|---|
| Security | 20 | none yet |
| Control and sovereignty | 15 | none yet |
| Cost | 20 | none yet |
| Regulatory status | 15 | none yet |
| Privacy and data | 10 | none yet |
| Usability and support | 5 | none yet |
| Liquidity and execution | 5 | none yet |
| Fiat access | 10 | none yet |
3 · Whole numbers
How evidence becomes a whole number from 0 to 100
Every criterion score is a whole number from 0 to 100, and so is the overall score. Finer numbers would suggest a precision that qualitative criteria cannot deliver. A criterion without a score is shown as “not rated”, never as 0.
Every criterion score has a written rationale and cites evidence items: maker documentation, official registers, audit reports, release notes, or a test by WhatTheChain. The criteria, weighted, add up to the overall score.
The overall score is the weighted mean of the rated criteria. Weights are whole numbers that sum to 100; criteria without a score are left out rather than counted as 0. All arithmetic is on whole numbers, so anyone can recompute a published score with a calculator.
overall = round_half_even( Σ(wᵢ · sᵢ) / Σwᵢ )- Computed 82.582half to even: down to the even number
- Computed 83.584half to even: up to the even number
- Computed 82.783the nearest whole number
- No scorenot ratednever counted as 0
Rules of this version
Each rule is part of the method version and changes only with a new version.
- Rounding
half_even - Half to even: a result of exactly .5 goes to the nearest even whole number, so 82.5 becomes 82 and 83.5 becomes 84.
- Equal scores
product_id_ascii - Products with the same overall score are ordered by product id, character by character in ASCII. The order never depends on language settings.
- Missing values
ranked_with_gap - A product with a weighted criterion that is not rated stays in the ranking, with a visible gap marker on that criterion. A product with no rated criterion under the weighting is listed below the ranking as not fully rated.
- Overall confidence
lowest_weighted - The lowest confidence label among the criteria with a weight above 0 and a score. It changes with the weighting: a criterion with weight 0 does not lower it.
4 · Frontier and confidence
Good in absolute terms, or the leader of a weak field?
Every value is shown against the frontier: the highest score for the criterion among the rated, current products of its category. 82 / 96 leaves room; 82 / 85 is close to the highest measured.
The tick is the frontier. Example values, not a product.
Confidence labels
- high
- Primary sources checked at the assessment date, confirmed by a WhatTheChain test or a second independent source.
- medium
- Primary sources that could not be confirmed independently, or some older than the last scheduled review.
- low
- Only secondary sources, or sources that conflict; the rationale explains which one the value follows.
- estimate
- No direct source: derived from documented properties and comparable designs, and the rationale says how.
Confidence is a pattern and a word, never a colour. The lowest confidence label among the criteria with a weight above 0 and a score. It changes with the weighting: a criterion with weight 0 does not lower it.
5 · Versions
Every change to the method is versioned and explained
A new version recomputes every category. Every rating names the method version it was produced under, and published versions are never edited.
Version 1.2.0Newest release 15 Oct 2026Current
1 release
6 · Rating committee
Qualitative points are decided by a committee, on the record
The rating committee reviews scores, reassessments and disputes. Its minutes and decisions are published in the public reference repository and reach this site with each signed release.
Event-driven reassessment
- A security incident or hack
- An insolvency
- A licence withdrawn or granted
- A major product release
These events open a reassessment. The product page shows “under reassessment since …” until the release that closes it; the committee sets the response deadline per event type.
7 · Disputes
Anyone can challenge a rating, with evidence
Makers and readers use the same form, without an account. Each dispute gets a public reference and a status page. Nobody sees a draft of a new rating, including the person who raised it.
- Stage 1
Received
The dispute gets a public reference, with the product and the criterion in question. Evidence files are checked for their type and stored privately.
- Stage 2
Under review
Support accepts it for review, and the rating committee reviews the statement and the evidence. The value stays published while the review runs.
- Stage 3
Decided
The decision and its reasoning are published with a reference release. Any change goes into the changelog as a dispute decision.
8 · Wording guide
The advice boundary is drawn by words
The wording guide lists permitted and prohibited terms per language. It is enforced as a lint rule on every interface text and checked on every assistant answer and every published page.
We write
- ranks under this weighting
- rated by
- according to the published methodology
- ranking by your weighting
- highest rated under the default weighting
- measures
- shows
- property
- the methodology shows
- data
- source
- thesis and counter-thesis
- independent rating
- was convicted of …
- was charged with …
- the regulator found …
- is alleged to have …
- a quotation with its source
We never write
- A pick or a selection made for the reader
- A claim that one product is the right one to choose
- That something suits a person
- Personal instructions
- Prompts to buy or sell
- Where a price is heading, or when to trade
- Advice as a regulated service
- Promises of returns or of safety
- verdict
Every feature also passes a four-question test before release: does it select something for the reader; does it concern a transaction or a service; is it presented as suitable or based on personal circumstances; is it addressed to a specific person? One yes sends it back.
9 · Bias review
A rating system in which Bitcoin can never lose points is not a rating system
The founding team’s affinity for self-custody is a motivation and a risk. Before each method version and each major content release, a reviewer with the opposite standpoint, from banking, a central bank or consumer protection, checks where criteria or explainers favour one side, and where bank money and custodial products have not been given their due where they are strong.
Bias reviewsHow we know
The method is an open repository
Methodology, catalogues, rating rationales, committee minutes and the scoring code are public, so anyone can recompute a ranking and propose a correction.
Check it yourself
The methodology text, the criteria catalogues, every rating rationale and the change history are published in the public reference repository.
The address of the public reference repository is published here once the repository is public.
Signed releases on this platform
Every release is signed. Before a release shows a single number, the platform checks its signature and checksum and recomputes every score, confidence label and frontier.
| Release | Method version | Scoring code | Created | Status | SHA-256 of the bundle | Signing key |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
method-v1.2.0 | 1.2.0 | 0.1.0recomputed here with 0.1.0 | current | d7dc32d60258618d97c724aaf786ad6016dec8915ea81d7f4df5b09d7af63932 | 356272D8EAB9D7BC |