Transparency · public registers

Source register

Every data series has an entry in the source register: who publishes it, under which licence, how often it is fetched and who is responsible for it. Every chart is drawn from the raw data of these sources.

From release method-v1.2.0, published 15 Oct 2026. 118 sources.

Every source of the current release
Source	Licence	Downloads and exports	Update rhythm	Responsible
Presidencia de la Nación (InfoLEG)	CC-BY-4.0: argentina.gob.ar licenses all its contents under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International unless stated otherwise (https://www.argentina.gob.ar/terminos-y-condiciones).	Yes	One-off upload	data-desk
Presidencia de la Nación (InfoLEG)	CC-BY-4.0: argentina.gob.ar licenses all its contents under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International unless stated otherwise (https://www.argentina.gob.ar/terminos-y-condiciones).	Yes	One-off upload	data-desk
Bitcoin Improvement Proposals (bitcoin/bips repository)	BSD-2-Clause (as stated in the document: "This BIP is licensed under the 2-clause BSD license.")	Yes	on_change	data-desk
Bank for International Settlements (BIS)	BIS terms of permitted use of BIS statistics (https://www.bis.org/terms_statistics.htm): use is unrestricted provided the BIS is cited as the source, translations are marked as not official, the use does not imply BIS endorsement, and inclusion in a commercial product does not add charges to its users.	Yes	Monthly	data-desk
Bank for International Settlements (BIS)	BIS terms of permitted use of BIS statistics (https://www.bis.org/terms_statistics.htm): use is unrestricted provided the BIS is cited as the source, translations are marked as not official, the use does not imply BIS endorsement, and inclusion in a commercial product does not add charges to its users.	Yes	Weekly	data-desk
Bitcoin Core	pending: Not yet provided	No	on_change	data-desk
Bitcoin.org	pending: Not yet provided	No	on_change	data-desk
Bitcoin.org	pending: Not yet provided	No	on_change	data-desk
Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (BOE)	BOE legal notice (https://www.boe.es/informacion/aviso_legal/index.php): reuse is permitted for commercial and non-commercial purposes; the source must be cited and the meaning must not be distorted; consolidated texts are informative only.	Yes	on_change	data-desk
Bank of England	OGL-UK-3.0: reproduction of data in the Bank of England Database is subject to the UK Open Government Licence v3.0, except selected exchange rate data reproduced under third-party licence (https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/legal).	Yes	Monthly	data-desk
Bank of Japan	Bank of Japan copyright terms (https://www.boj.or.jp/en/about/copyright.htm): information on the site may be copied or reproduced with the Bank of Japan credited as the source, except copying or reproduction for commercial purposes, which needs the Bank's prior permission (Public Relations Department). Whether the platform's use counts as commercial is TODO(to be provided by the client).	No	Monthly	data-desk
Deutsche Bundesbank	pending: Not yet provided	No	Monthly	data-desk
Government of Canada, Department of Justice	Reproduction of Federal Law Order (SI/97-5): anyone may reproduce federal enactments without charge or permission, provided due diligence ensures accuracy and the reproduction is not represented as an official version (https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SI-97-5/page-1.html).	Yes	One-off upload	data-desk
Government of Canada, Department of Justice	Reproduction of Federal Law Order (SI/97-5): anyone may reproduce federal enactments without charge or permission, provided due diligence ensures accuracy and the reproduction is not represented as an official version (https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SI-97-5/page-1.html).	Yes	One-off upload	data-desk
Public Safety Canada	Canada.ca terms (https://www.canada.ca/en/transparency/terms.html): non-commercial reproduction without charge, with title, author and source URL; commercial redistribution needs prior written permission.	No	One-off upload	data-desk
Bank of England	©2026 Bank of England. Reuse terms not reviewed; TODO(to be provided by the client).	No	on_change	data-desk
Bank of Jamaica	pending: Not yet provided	No	on_change	data-desk
Bank of Jamaica	pending: Not yet provided	No	One-off upload	data-desk
Central Bank of The Bahamas	pending: Not yet provided	No	One-off upload	data-desk
Central Bank of The Bahamas (SandDollar)	Copyright © 2026 SandDollar. All Rights Reserved. No reuse terms found. TODO(to be provided by the client).	No	on_change	data-desk
Central Bank of Nigeria	pending: Not yet provided	No	on_change	data-desk
European Central Bank (ECB)	© European Central Bank, 2026 (page footer). The ECB's general website terms (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/disclaimer/html/index.en.html) allow reuse with the ECB cited as the source; whether that covers the platform's use is TODO(to be provided by the client).	No	on_change	data-desk
European Central Bank (ECB)	© European Central Bank, 2026 (page footer, linking the ECB's terms at https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/disclaimer/html/index.en.html). Whether those terms cover the platform's use is TODO(to be provided by the client).	No	on_change	data-desk
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System	pending: Not yet provided	No	One-off upload	data-desk
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System	pending: Not yet provided	No	on_change	data-desk
People's Bank of China (Working Group on E-CNY Research and Development)	pending: Not yet provided	No	One-off upload	data-desk
Reserve Bank of India	© Reserve Bank of India. All Rights Reserved. The RBI disclaimer (https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/Disclaimer.aspx) asks for permission before hyper-linking to inner pages.	No	One-off upload	data-desk
Reserve Bank of India	© Reserve Bank of India. All Rights Reserved. The RBI disclaimer (https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/Disclaimer.aspx) asks for permission before hyper-linking to inner pages.	No	One-off upload	data-desk
Sveriges Riksbank	pending: Not yet provided	No	on_change	data-desk
Swiss National Bank	© Swiss National Bank, Zurich (Switzerland) 2026. Reuse terms not reviewed; TODO(to be provided by the client).	No	One-off upload	data-desk
U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission	pending: Not yet provided	No	One-off upload	data-desk
Circle Internet Financial	pending: Not yet provided	No	One-off upload	data-desk
Republic of Cyprus, Ministry of Finance, Public Debt Management Office	pending: Not yet provided	No	One-off upload	data-desk
Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)	dl-de/by-2-0 (Datenlizenz Deutschland – Namensnennung – Version 2.0)	Yes	Monthly	data-desk
Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)	Destatis copyright terms for destatis.de: reproduction and distribution, also for commercial purposes, permitted provided the source is mentioned; altered or recalculated data must be marked as such (https://www.destatis.de/EN/Service/Legal-Notice/CopyrightGeneral.html).	Yes	One-off upload	data-desk
European Banking Authority (EBA)	EBA legal notice (https://www.eba.europa.eu/legal-notice): "Reproduction of all EBA material on this site is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged, save where otherwise stated." The copyright does not extend to publicly available legislative texts or third-party material.	Yes	on_change	data-desk
European Banking Authority (EBA)	EBA legal notice (https://www.eba.europa.eu/legal-notice): "Reproduction of all EBA material on this site is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged, save where otherwise stated." The copyright does not extend to publicly available legislative texts or third-party material.	Yes	One-off upload	data-desk
European Central Bank (ECB)	© European Central Bank, 2024. All rights reserved. Reproduction for educational and non-commercial purposes is permitted provided that the source is acknowledged (imprint of the PDF edition, doi:10.2866/2856633). The ECB's general website terms (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/disclaimer/html/index.en.html) allow reuse with the ECB cited as the source. Whether the platform's use is non-commercial is TODO(to be provided by the client).	No	One-off upload	data-desk
European Central Bank	ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website's copyright terms: information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, and modifications disclosed (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/using-our-site/disclaimer/html/index.en.html).	Yes	One-off upload	data-desk
European Central Bank (ECB)	ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website terms (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/disclaimer/html/index.en.html): information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, modifications stated explicitly, and buyers of paid documents told that the information is available free of charge on the ECB website.	Yes	One-off upload	data-desk
European Central Bank (ECB)	ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website terms (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/disclaimer/html/index.en.html): information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, modifications stated explicitly, and buyers of paid documents told that the information is available free of charge on the ECB website.	Yes	on_change	data-desk
European Central Bank (ECB)	ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website terms (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/disclaimer/html/index.en.html): information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, modifications stated explicitly, and buyers of paid documents told that the information is available free of charge on the ECB website.	Yes	One-off upload	data-desk
European Central Bank (ECB)	ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website terms (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/disclaimer/html/index.en.html): information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, modifications stated explicitly, and buyers of paid documents told that the information is available free of charge on the ECB website.	Yes	on_change	data-desk
European Central Bank	ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website's copyright terms: information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, and modifications disclosed (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/using-our-site/disclaimer/html/index.en.html).	Yes	Daily	data-desk
European Central Bank	ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website's copyright terms: information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, and modifications (e.g. calculation of growth rates) stated explicitly (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/using-our-site/disclaimer/html/index.en.html).	Yes	Weekly	data-desk
European Central Bank	ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website's copyright terms: information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, and modifications disclosed (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/using-our-site/disclaimer/html/index.en.html).	Yes	One-off upload	data-desk
European Central Bank	ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website's copyright terms: information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, and modifications disclosed (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/using-our-site/disclaimer/html/index.en.html).	Yes	Monthly	data-desk
European Central Bank	ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website's copyright terms: information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, and modifications disclosed (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/using-our-site/disclaimer/html/index.en.html).	Yes	Daily	data-desk
European Central Bank	ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website's copyright terms: information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, and modifications (e.g. calculation of growth rates) stated explicitly (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/using-our-site/disclaimer/html/index.en.html).	Yes	Monthly	data-desk
European Commission	© European Union. The Commission legal notice (https://commission.europa.eu/legal-notice_en) bases the Commission's reuse policy on the Commission Decision of 12 December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents and licenses EU-owned content on that website under CC BY 4.0 unless otherwise specified. This copy comes from the Publications Office CELLAR, whose reuse conditions are referred to op-copyright@publications.europa.eu; whether the notice covers it is TODO(to be provided by the client).	No	on_change	data-desk
European Commission, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs	© European Union, 2019. Reuse is authorised provided the source is acknowledged (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU).	Yes	One-off upload	data-desk
Electrum	pending: Not yet provided	No	on_change	data-desk
European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA)	ESMA legal notice (https://www.esma.europa.eu/legal-notice): reproduction authorised provided the source is acknowledged, buyers of documents that include the material are told it is free from ESMA, transformed or republished data are marked as such, and the use does not imply ESMA endorsement.	Yes	Weekly	data-desk
European Stability Mechanism (ESM)	pending: Not yet provided	No	One-off upload	data-desk
ethereum.org	No reuse statement found in the retrieved text	No	on_change	data-desk
ethereum.org	No reuse statement found in the retrieved text	No	on_change	data-desk
Publications Office of the European Union (EUR-Lex, Official Journal of the European Union)	pending: Not yet provided	No	on_change	data-desk
Publications Office of the European Union (EUR-Lex, Official Journal of the European Union)	pending: Not yet provided	No	on_change	data-desk
Publications Office of the European Union (EUR-Lex, Official Journal of the European Union)	pending: Not yet provided	No	on_change	data-desk
European Parliament, Economic Governance Support Unit (EGOV)	© European Union, 2017. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy (document disclaimer).	No	One-off upload	data-desk
Eurostat	Eurostat copyright notice: "Reuse of statistical data, metadata, publications, and other dissemination tools published on this website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is authorised provided the source is acknowledged." Modifications must be stated; the exception for data of non-EU countries does not apply to the euro area and Germany (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/help/copyright-notice).	Yes	Quarterly	data-desk
Eurostat	Eurostat copyright notice: "Reuse of statistical data, metadata, publications, and other dissemination tools published on this website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is authorised provided the source is acknowledged." Modifications must be stated; the exception for data of non-EU countries does not apply to the euro area and Germany (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/help/copyright-notice).	Yes	Annually	data-desk
Eurostat	Eurostat copyright notice: "Reuse of statistical data, metadata, publications, and other dissemination tools published on this website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is authorised provided the source is acknowledged." Modifications must be stated (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/help/copyright-notice).	Yes	Monthly	data-desk
Financial Conduct Authority	No reuse statement found in the retrieved text	No	on_change	data-desk
Financial Conduct Authority	No reuse statement found in the retrieved text	No	on_change	data-desk
U.S. Department of the Treasury, Bureau of the Fiscal Service	Open use as published by Fiscal Data: "The data on this site is available to copy, adapt, redistribute, or otherwise use for non-commercial and commercial purposes." (https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/about-us/)	Yes	Daily	data-desk
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED); original source Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)	Public domain (FRED copyright label: "Public Domain: Citation Requested")	Yes	Weekly	data-desk
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED); original source U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis	Public domain (FRED copyright label: "Public Domain: Citation Requested")	Yes	Quarterly	data-desk
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED); original source Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)	Public domain (FRED copyright label: "Public Domain: Citation Requested")	Yes	Monthly	data-desk
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED); original source Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)	Public domain (FRED copyright label: "Public Domain: Citation Requested")	Yes	Monthly	data-desk
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED); original source U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics	Public domain (FRED copyright label: "Public Domain: Citation Requested")	Yes	Monthly	data-desk
ICE Benchmark Administration (LBMA Gold Price)	pending: Not yet provided	No	Daily	data-desk
Légifrance (Republic of France)	Licence Ouverte / Open Licence 2.0 (etalab-2.0): "Sauf mention contraire, tous les contenus de ce site sont sous licence etalab-2.0" (https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/contenu/pied-de-page/licences-de-reutilisation).	Yes	on_change	data-desk
Bitcoin Improvement Proposals (bitcoin/bips repository)	MIT License (as stated in the document; retrieved from raw.githubusercontent.com).	Yes	on_change	data-desk
Chainalysis	pending: Not yet provided	No	One-off upload	data-desk
European Central Bank (ECB)	ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website's copyright terms: information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, and modifications disclosed (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/using-our-site/disclaimer/html/index.en.html).	Yes	on_change	data-desk
European Commission, DG Taxation and Customs Union	pending: Not yet provided	No	on_change	data-desk
European Commission, DG Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union	pending: Not yet provided	No	on_change	data-desk
European Union, Your Europe	pending: Not yet provided	No	on_change	data-desk
European Union, Your Europe	pending: Not yet provided	No	on_change	data-desk
MetaMask	pending: Not yet provided	No	on_change	data-desk
Presidencia de la Nación (InfoLEG)	CC-BY-4.0: argentina.gob.ar licenses all its contents under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International unless stated otherwise (https://www.argentina.gob.ar/terminos-y-condiciones).	Yes	One-off upload	data-desk
Presidencia de la Nación (InfoLEG)	CC-BY-4.0: argentina.gob.ar licenses all its contents under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International unless stated otherwise (https://www.argentina.gob.ar/terminos-y-condiciones).	Yes	One-off upload	data-desk
Presidencia de la Nación (InfoLEG)	CC-BY-4.0: argentina.gob.ar licenses all its contents under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International unless stated otherwise (https://www.argentina.gob.ar/terminos-y-condiciones).	Yes	One-off upload	data-desk
Oesterreichische Nationalbank (OeNB)	pending: Not yet provided	No	on_change	data-desk
Swiss National Bank	Non-commercial reuse only: the SNB copyright notice allows information and data to be saved, translated (with reference to the source), transmitted or used in other ways for non-commercial purposes compatible with their purpose (https://www.snb.ch/en/srv/disclaimer_copyright). Commercial reuse: TODO(to be provided by the client).	No	on_change	data-desk
Swiss National Bank	Non-commercial reuse only: the SNB copyright notice allows information and data to be saved, translated (with reference to the source), transmitted or used in other ways for non-commercial purposes compatible with their purpose (https://www.snb.ch/en/srv/disclaimer_copyright). Commercial reuse: TODO(to be provided by the client).	No	One-off upload	data-desk
Swiss National Bank	Non-commercial reuse only: the SNB copyright notice allows information and data to be saved, translated (with reference to the source), transmitted or used in other ways for non-commercial purposes compatible with their purpose (https://www.snb.ch/en/srv/disclaimer_copyright). Commercial reuse: TODO(to be provided by the client).	No	One-off upload	data-desk
European Central Bank	ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website's copyright terms: information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, and modifications disclosed (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/using-our-site/disclaimer/html/index.en.html).	Yes	One-off upload	data-desk
Deutsche Bundesbank	pending: Not yet provided	No	on_change	data-desk
European Central Bank	ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website's copyright terms: information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, and modifications disclosed (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/using-our-site/disclaimer/html/index.en.html).	Yes	on_change	data-desk
Banco de España	Copyright Banco de España. The website disclaimer allows distribution and reproduction if carried out faithfully, without altering the content, and with the Banco de España cited as the source (https://www.bde.es/wbe/en/pie/aviso-legal/). Other Banco de España pages name CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 for its texts; which applies here is TODO(to be provided by the client).	No	on_change	data-desk
European Central Bank	ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website's copyright terms: information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, and modifications disclosed (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/using-our-site/disclaimer/html/index.en.html).	Yes	One-off upload	data-desk
International Monetary Fund	pending: Not yet provided	No	One-off upload	data-desk
Central Bank of Nigeria	pending: Not yet provided	No	One-off upload	data-desk
Central Bank of Nigeria	pending: Not yet provided	No	on_change	data-desk
Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (CBRT)	pending: Not yet provided	No	on_change	data-desk
Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (CBRT)	pending: Not yet provided	No	on_change	data-desk
MtGox Co., Ltd.	pending: Not yet provided	No	One-off upload	data-desk
MtGox Co., Ltd.	pending: Not yet provided	No	One-off upload	data-desk
MtGox Co., Ltd., Rehabilitation Trustee	pending: Not yet provided	No	One-off upload	data-desk
Satoshi Nakamoto	pending: Not yet provided	No	on_change	data-desk
Normattiva (Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato)	pending: Not yet provided	No	on_change	data-desk
Reserve Bank of India	© Reserve Bank of India. All Rights Reserved. The RBI disclaimer (https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/Disclaimer.aspx) asks for permission before hyper-linking to inner pages.	No	One-off upload	data-desk
Reserve Bank of India	© Reserve Bank of India. All Rights Reserved. The RBI disclaimer (https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/Disclaimer.aspx) asks for permission before hyper-linking to inner pages.	No	One-off upload	data-desk
Securities Commission of The Bahamas	pending: Not yet provided	No	One-off upload	data-desk
Service-Public.fr (Direction de l'information légale et administrative)	Licence Ouverte / Open Licence 2.0 (etalab-2.0): "Sauf mention contraire, tous les contenus de ce site sont sous licence etalab-2.0" (terms of use, https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/P10050).	Yes	on_change	data-desk
SatoshiLabs (satoshilabs/slips repository)	pending: Not yet provided	No	on_change	data-desk
Swiss National Bank (SNB)	SNB copyright terms (https://www.snb.ch/en/srv/disclaimer_copyright): information and data may be saved, translated (with reference to the source), transmitted or used in other ways for non-commercial purposes compatible with their purpose. Commercial use is not granted there; whether the platform's use is non-commercial is TODO(to be provided by the client).	No	Monthly	data-desk
TradingView	TradingView Terms of Use (https://www.tradingview.com/policies/). Not redistributable here: the data is shown on this site only. LEGAL_REVIEW(tradingview-terms): whether the terms cover display of data read through the unofficial chart websocket is to be reviewed before production use; the exact terms are TODO(to be provided by the client).	No	Daily	data-desk
Trezor	pending: Not yet provided	No	on_change	data-desk
United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware	pending: Not yet provided	No	One-off upload	data-desk
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Minerals Information Center	Public domain: "USGS-authored or produced data and information are considered to be in the U.S. Public Domain" (https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits).	Yes	Annually	data-desk
U.S. Department of the Treasury	pending: Not yet provided	No	One-off upload	data-desk
U.S. Department of the Treasury	pending: Not yet provided	No	One-off upload	data-desk
World Bank	pending: Not yet provided	No	One-off upload	data-desk
World Bank	CC-BY-4.0	Yes	Annually	data-desk
World Bank	CC-BY-4.0	Yes	Annually	data-desk

Presidencia de la Nación (InfoLEG)

Decreto 1570/2001: Entidades financieras, nuevas medidas económicas (1 December 2001)

Licence: CC-BY-4.0: argentina.gob.ar licenses all its contents under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International unless stated otherwise (https://www.argentina.gob.ar/terminos-y-condiciones).
Downloads and exports: Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.
Attribution: Source: InfoLEG, Presidencia de la Nación (argentina.gob.ar), CC BY 4.0.
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Art. 2(a): cash withdrawals above ARS 250 or USD 250 per week per account holder prohibited; art. 2(b): transfers abroad prohibited with exceptions; art. 4: demand and time deposits, transfers between institutions and card use remain available; art. 7: export of foreign currency above USD 1,000 only through financial institutions. Cited by incidents/inc-2001-ar-corralito.yaml.

Presidencia de la Nación (InfoLEG)

Decreto 214/2002: Reordenamiento del sistema financiero (3 February 2002)

Licence: CC-BY-4.0: argentina.gob.ar licenses all its contents under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International unless stated otherwise (https://www.argentina.gob.ar/terminos-y-condiciones).
Downloads and exports: Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.
Attribution: Source: InfoLEG, Presidencia de la Nación (argentina.gob.ar), CC BY 4.0.
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Art. 2: foreign-currency deposits converted to pesos at ARS 1.40 per USD; art. 3: foreign-currency debts to the financial system converted at ARS 1 per USD. Cited by incidents/inc-2001-ar-corralito.yaml.

Bitcoin Improvement Proposals (bitcoin/bips repository)

BIP-32: Hierarchical Deterministic Wallets

Licence: BSD-2-Clause (as stated in the document: "This BIP is licensed under the 2-clause BSD license.")
Downloads and exports: Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.
Attribution: Source: BIP-32, bitcoin/bips repository (BSD-2-Clause).
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Specification of hierarchical deterministic wallets: how one seed derives a tree of key pairs. Cited by explainer/seed-phrase and explainer/private-key-and-address.

Bank for International Settlements (BIS)

Consumer prices, year-on-year change

Licence

BIS terms of permitted use of BIS statistics (https://www.bis.org/terms_statistics.htm): use is unrestricted provided the BIS is cited as the source, translations are marked as not official, the use does not imply BIS endorsement, and inclusion in a commercial product does not add charges to its users.

Downloads and exports

Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.

Attribution

Source: Bank for International Settlements (BIS), national sources.

Update rhythm

Monthly

Responsible

data-desk

Dataset code

WS_LONG_CPI (M.<area>.771, year-on-year changes in percent)

Series

bis-cpi-ch-yoy (Consumer prices, Switzerland, year-on-year change): up to date
bis-cpi-gb-yoy (Consumer prices, United Kingdom, year-on-year change): up to date
bis-cpi-jp-yoy (Consumer prices, Japan, year-on-year change): delayed or incomplete
bis-cpi-us-yoy (Consumer prices, United States, year-on-year change): delayed or incomplete

Note

Monthly consumer price inflation compiled by the BIS from national sources; the inflation input of the real interest rate indicator for CHF, GBP and JPY (policy rates from src-bis-policy-rates). The terms are those recorded for src-bis-policy-rates on 2026-09-28; the terms page refused automated retrieval on 2026-09-29, so re-check them by hand.

Bank for International Settlements (BIS)

Central bank policy rates

Licence

Downloads and exports

Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.

Attribution

Source: Bank for International Settlements (BIS).

Update rhythm

Weekly

Responsible

data-desk

Dataset code

WS_CBPOL

Series

bis-cbpol-ch-rate (Central bank policy rate, Switzerland): up to date
bis-cbpol-gb-rate (Central bank policy rate, United Kingdom): up to date
bis-cbpol-jp-rate (Central bank policy rate, Japan): delayed or incomplete

Note

Daily data released around mid-week. Covers policy rates for currencies without their own register entry (CHF, GBP, JPY) for the real interest rate indicator.

Bitcoin Core

Managing the Wallet

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: Source: Bitcoin Core documentation, "Managing the Wallet".
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Wallet documentation of a node software: backing up and restoring wallets. Cited by explainer/private-key-and-address; the published text names no wallet brand.

Bitcoin.org

Bitcoin Developer Guide: Transactions

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: Source: Bitcoin.org, Bitcoin Developer Guide, "Transactions".
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: How outputs are locked to keys and spent with signatures (UTXOs). Cited by explainer/private-key-and-address. Only the first 20,000 characters were retrieved.

Bitcoin.org

Bitcoin Developer Guide: Wallets

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: Source: Bitcoin.org, Bitcoin Developer Guide, "Wallets".
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Wallets as collections of private keys; key generation and backup. Cited by explainer/private-key-and-address.

Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (BOE)

Ley 11/2021, de 9 de julio, de medidas de prevención y lucha contra el fraude fiscal

Licence: BOE legal notice (https://www.boe.es/informacion/aviso_legal/index.php): reuse is permitted for commercial and non-commercial purposes; the source must be cited and the meaning must not be distorted; consolidated texts are informative only.
Downloads and exports: Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.
Attribution: Source: Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado, Ley 11/2021.
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Dataset code: BOE-A-2021-11473
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Ley 11/2021 amends article 7 of Ley 7/2012, "disminuyendo el límite general de pagos en efectivo de 2.500 a 1.000 euros" for operations where a party acts as an entrepreneur or professional, and to 10,000 euros for payers with a tax domicile abroad. The Agencia Tributaria restated the rule on 5 September 2022 ("transactions of an amount equal to or greater than 1,000 euros" may not be paid in cash; https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/en_gb/informacion-institucional/puede-interesar/analisis/2022/septiembre/5/pagos-efectivo.html); the cash index dates the value to that statement. The consolidated text of Ley 7/2012 could not be read in full on 2026-10-02; check it on the next review. LEGAL_REVIEW(cash-index).

Bank of England

M4 (MFIs' sterling M4 liabilities to the private sector), amounts outstanding and growth

Licence

OGL-UK-3.0: reproduction of data in the Bank of England Database is subject to the UK Open Government Licence v3.0, except selected exchange rate data reproduced under third-party licence (https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/legal).

Downloads and exports

Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.

Attribution

Source: Bank of England. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

Update rhythm

Monthly

Responsible

data-desk

Dataset code

Bank of England Database, series LPMAUYN (amounts outstanding) and LPMVQJW (12-month growth rate)

Series

boe-lpmauyn-gb-m4 (M4, United Kingdom, amounts outstanding, seasonally adjusted): up to date
boe-lpmvqjw-gb-m4-yoy (M4, United Kingdom, 12-month growth rate, seasonally adjusted): up to date

Note

LPMAUYN: monthly amounts outstanding, GBP millions, seasonally adjusted. LPMVQJW: 12-month growth rate in percent, seasonally adjusted, as published. The database's CSV download (_iadb-fromshowcolumns.asp, one row per date and series) is not SDMX, so the series are reviewed CSV uploads until an adapter exists.

Bank of Japan

Money stock, M2 and M3, average amounts outstanding

Licence

Bank of Japan copyright terms (https://www.boj.or.jp/en/about/copyright.htm): information on the site may be copied or reproduced with the Bank of Japan credited as the source, except copying or reproduction for commercial purposes, which needs the Bank's prior permission (Public Relations Department). Whether the platform's use counts as commercial is TODO(to be provided by the client).

Downloads and exports

Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.

Attribution

Source: Bank of Japan.

Update rhythm

Monthly

Responsible

data-desk

Dataset code

BOJ Time-Series Data Search, database MD02 (MAM1NAM2M2MO, MAM1NAM3M3MO)

Series

boj-md02-jp-m2 (Money stock M2, Japan, average amounts outstanding): up to date
boj-md02-jp-m3 (Money stock M3, Japan, average amounts outstanding): up to date

Note

Monthly averages of amounts outstanding in 100 million yen, not seasonally adjusted. The BOJ offers a JSON API (https://www.stat-search.boj.or.jp/api/v1/getDataCode?db=MD02&code=...), which is not SDMX, so the series are reviewed CSV uploads until an adapter exists. Not redistributable (no CSV export or embed) until permission for commercial reproduction is settled. Year-on-year growth is derived from the levels (own calculation).

Deutsche Bundesbank

Long series of interest rates on savings deposits in Germany

Licence

Not yet provided

Downloads and exports

Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.

Attribution

Source: Deutsche Bundesbank

Update rhythm

Monthly

Responsible

data-desk

Series

bundesbank-savings-de-rate (Interest rate on savings deposits, Germany): up to date

Note

Licence not certain. The Bundesbank's conditions for the general use of its website allow saving, forwarding and reproducing its information for personal or professional use, provided it is not altered or distorted and cited as "Source: Deutsche Bundesbank" (https://www.bundesbank.de/en/homepage/user-information/conditions-for-the-general-use-of-the-website-764706). Whether that covers derived series and redistribution through exports and the API is to be confirmed with the Bundesbank; until then the series is shown on the site only. Used for the "in a savings account" path of the purchasing power calculator. The old time series database was replaced by the statistics portal on 30 June 2026; series codes are TODO(to be provided by the client).

Government of Canada, Department of Justice

Emergency Economic Measures Order (SOR/2022-22)

Licence: Reproduction of Federal Law Order (SI/97-5): anyone may reproduce federal enactments without charge or permission, provided due diligence ensures accuracy and the reproduction is not represented as an official version (https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SI-97-5/page-1.html).
Downloads and exports: Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.
Attribution: None required
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Registered 15 February 2022 under the Emergencies Act: banks, credit unions, insurers, trust and loan companies, securities dealers, crowdfunding platforms and payment service providers must cease dealing in property of designated persons, including making funds or virtual currency available. Cited by incidents/inc-2022-ca-emergencies-act.yaml.

Government of Canada, Department of Justice

Proclamation Revoking the Declaration of a Public Order Emergency (SOR/2022-26)

Licence: Reproduction of Federal Law Order (SI/97-5): anyone may reproduce federal enactments without charge or permission, provided due diligence ensures accuracy and the reproduction is not represented as an official version (https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SI-97-5/page-1.html).
Downloads and exports: Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.
Attribution: None required
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Registered 23 February 2022: revokes the declaration of a public order emergency of 14 February 2022, effective on the day the proclamation was issued. Cited by incidents/inc-2022-ca-emergencies-act.yaml.

Public Safety Canada

Parliamentary committee notes: Study: Occupation of Ottawa and the Federal Government's Response to the Convoy Blockades (25 February 2022)

Licence: Canada.ca terms (https://www.canada.ca/en/transparency/terms.html): non-commercial reproduction without charge, with title, author and source URL; commercial redistribution needs prior written permission.
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: States that financial institutions froze at least 257 accounts (bank and corporate accounts, credit cards) and that 170 bitcoin wallet addresses were disclosed. Cited by incidents/inc-2022-ca-emergencies-act.yaml.

Bank of England

The digital pound

Licence: ©2026 Bank of England. Reuse terms not reviewed; TODO(to be provided by the client).
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Last updated 23 October 2025 (as shown on the page). "We are now in a design phase which will look at the technology and policy requirements for a digital pound"; "We have not made a decision to introduce the digital pound" (status `development`, retail). Interest: "No – just as you would not earn interest on physical cash." Holding limit: "We think we would need to set a limit for how much people could hold. [...] We have not yet decided what it would be" (holding_limit `not_set`). Wallets "would be designed by private companies, such as banks or payment firms" (intermediated: yes). "The Bank and the government would not collect any of your personal data and would not be able to see how you spent your digital pounds" (privacy model `no_identity_at_central_bank`). Offline use is not stated.

Bank of Jamaica

CBDC FAQs

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: "Just as is the case with cash in your wallet, you don't earn interest on CBDC in your CBDC wallet" (interest_bearing: no). Wallets are issued by commercial banks, building societies, merchant banks and authorised payment service providers (intermediated: yes). "Your Wallet Provider is the only entity that will have access to your information and be able to see your transactions"; "When conducting transactions using CBDC your identity is not recorded" (privacy model `no_identity_at_central_bank`). Offline use and holding limits are not stated.

Bank of Jamaica

JAM-DEX Phased Rollout Underway (11 May 2022)

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: The Bank of Jamaica begins the phased rollout of JAM-DEX, Jamaica's central bank digital currency; "National Commercial Bank (NCB) offers JAM-DEX through Lynk®, its digital wallet". The CBDC tracker records JAM-DEX as `launched`, retail.

Central Bank of The Bahamas

Public notice – The Sand Dollar is on Schedule for Gradual National Release to The Bahamas in mid-October 2020 (25 September 2020)

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: The national release begins on 20 October 2020 through authorised financial institutions, after pilots in Exuma and Abaco; wallets in tiers by customer due diligence; "all transactions are linked to an anti-money laundering/counter financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) engine". The CBDC tracker records the Sand Dollar as `launched`, retail, intermediated.

Central Bank of The Bahamas (SandDollar)

SandDollar – Individual

Licence: Copyright © 2026 SandDollar. All Rights Reserved. No reuse terms found. TODO(to be provided by the client).
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Tier I: "$500 eWallet holding limit, with a $1,500 monthly transaction limit"; Tier II: "$8,000 eWallet holding limit, with a $10,000 monthly transaction limit". "The Bank's supervised financial institutions are authorised SandDollar agents and can enrol customers through their tailored applications (digital wallets)." The CBDC tracker records holding_limit `BSD 500/8000` (by wallet tier). Interest, offline use and the privacy model are not stated on the page.

Central Bank of Nigeria

eNaira

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: "eNaira is a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) backed by law, the full sovereignty of Nigeria and issued by the Central Bank of Nigeria as a legal tender"; it "is used just like cash" and is held in an eNaira wallet. The CBDC tracker records it as `launched`, retail, checked 2026-10-02. The CBN's launch press release, the Regulatory Guidelines on the eNaira and the eNaira site (enaira.gov.ng) could not be retrieved on 2026-10-02 (HTTP 403 and a TLS error), so the launch date and the wallet properties stay NULL until one of them is reviewed.

European Central Bank (ECB)

Digital euro

Licence: © European Central Bank, 2026 (page footer). The ECB's general website terms (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/disclaimer/html/index.en.html) allow reuse with the ECB cited as the source; whether that covers the platform's use is TODO(to be provided by the client).
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: Source: European Central Bank, Digital euro.
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: The page states that the project is in its preparation phase ("In October 2025, the ECB's Governing Council decided that the Eurosystem will move to the next phase of the digital euro project"), with a pilot planned for 2027 and the aim to "be ready for a potential first issuance of the digital euro during 2029, assuming the necessary EU legislation is adopted in the course of 2026". The CBDC tracker records the preparation phase as status `development` (no issuance, no pilot yet), retail. "You could pay in digital euro either online or offline" (offline: yes); "stored in an account set up with your bank or with a public intermediary" (intermediated: yes). The design properties are the published design, not a launched product.

European Central Bank (ECB)

Digital euro – frequently asked questions (key design features)

Licence: © European Central Bank, 2026 (page footer, linking the ECB's terms at https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/disclaimer/html/index.en.html). Whether those terms cover the platform's use is TODO(to be provided by the client).
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: Source: European Central Bank, Digital euro FAQ.
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Updated 17 August 2026 (as shown on the page). Interest: "As with cash in your wallet, no interest would be paid on digital euro holdings in your digital euro account." Offline: the digital euro "would offer both online and offline functionalities". Privacy: "The Eurosystem would not be able to identify users making or receiving payments"; offline, "only the payer and the payee would know the personal transaction details". Distribution: "Supervised payment service providers (PSPs), such as euro area banks, would be responsible for distributing the digital euro." Holding limit: a limit per person is part of the design; the page cites an analysis of "hypothetical holding limits of up to €3,000 per person" and sets no amount, so the CBDC tracker records holding_limit `not_set`.

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System

Money and Payments: The U.S. Dollar in the Age of Digital Transformation (discussion paper, January 2022)

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: The paper "examines the pros and cons of a potential U.S. central bank digital currency" and "does not favor any policy outcome"; a CBDC "could provide a safe, digital payment option for households and businesses" (retail). It decides no design property.

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System

FAQ: Is the FedNow Service replacing cash? Is it a central bank digital currency?

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Last updated 12 July 2023 (as shown on the page): "The Federal Reserve has made no decision on issuing a central bank digital currency (CBDC) and would only proceed with the issuance of a CBDC with an authorizing law." With the 2022 discussion paper (src-cb-fed-cbdc-discussion-paper-2022) the CBDC tracker records the United States as `research`, retail, dated 12 July 2023. Later measures outside the Federal Reserve (for example executive orders) are not central bank publications and are not recorded here.

People's Bank of China (Working Group on E-CNY Research and Development)

中国数字人民币的研发进展白皮书 (Progress of Research & Development of E-CNY in China, July 2021)

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Published 16 July 2021 (Chinese original; quotes translated here). Status: the PBoC "is conducting pilot tests of the e-CNY" in selected regions (正在开展数字人民币试点测试); retail: "the e-CNY is a retail central bank digital currency, mainly used to meet domestic retail payment needs" (数字人民币是一种零售型央行数字货币). Offline: it "supports offline transactions" (支持离线交易). Privacy: "managed anonymity" (可控匿名), "anonymous for small amounts, traceable in accordance with the law for large amounts" (小额匿名、大额依法可溯). Distribution: a two-tier system in which the PBoC issues to designated operators (指定运营机构), which serve the public. Holding limits: wallets are graded by the strength of customer identification, each grade with its own per-transaction, daily and balance limits (余额限额); the paper states no amounts, so the CBDC tracker records holding_limit `tiered`. Interest: the 2021 paper states that the e-CNY pays no interest (不计付利息); reports by third parties describe a change from 1 January 2026 that no PBoC publication retrieved on 2026-10-02 confirms, so interest_bearing stays NULL until a PBoC source is reviewed. The status is dated to the paper (16 July 2021); a newer PBoC statement of status was not found.

Reserve Bank of India

Press release: Operationalisation of Central Bank Digital Currency – Retail (e₹-R) Pilot (29 November 2022)

Licence: © Reserve Bank of India. All Rights Reserved. The RBI disclaimer (https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/Disclaimer.aspx) asks for permission before hyper-linking to inner pages.
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: The first retail pilot from 1 December 2022 in a closed user group of customers and merchants. "It would be distributed through intermediaries, i.e., banks" (intermediated: yes); "As in the case of cash, it will not earn any interest" (interest_bearing: no). The release does not describe offline use, a holding limit or privacy. LEGAL_REVIEW(source-linking): the RBI disclaimer asks for permission before deep links.

Reserve Bank of India

Press release: Operationalisation of Central Bank Digital Currency – Wholesale (e₹-W) Pilot (31 October 2022)

Licence: © Reserve Bank of India. All Rights Reserved. The RBI disclaimer (https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/Disclaimer.aspx) asks for permission before hyper-linking to inner pages.
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: The wholesale pilot starts on 1 November 2022 for the settlement of secondary market transactions in government securities, with nine participating banks. With the retail pilot (src-cb-rbi-erupee-retail-pilot-2022) the CBDC tracker records India as `pilot`, `both`. LEGAL_REVIEW(source-linking): the RBI disclaimer asks for permission before deep links.

Sveriges Riksbank

The e-krona – state money in digital form

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Updated 29 June 2026 (as shown on the page). "The Riksbank is investigating a digital complement to cash, known as the e-krona. [...] The technical e-krona project was finalised in 2023"; the technical pilot "was completed in 2023". "Whether or not to introduce an e-krona in Sweden is ultimately a political decision"; in the Payments Report 2026 (12 March 2026) the Riksbank proposed an inquiry into the legislative amendments "if the Riksdag (the Swedish parliament) decides that the Riksbank should be allowed to issue one". An e-krona "could give the public a continued opportunity to choose between state and private money when making payments" (retail). The CBDC tracker records status `research`; no design properties are decided.

Swiss National Bank

Press release: Swiss National Bank extends and expands Project Helvetia (30 June 2025)

Licence: © Swiss National Bank, Zurich (Switzerland) 2026. Reuse terms not reviewed; TODO(to be provided by the client).
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: The SNB has provided central bank digital currency for financial institutions (wholesale CBDC) on the SIX Digital Exchange platform since the end of 2023 and continues the pilot "until at least mid-2027". The CBDC tracker records Helvetia as `pilot`, wholesale; the retail properties do not apply and stay NULL.

U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission

Release 8638-22: CFTC Charges Sam Bankman-Fried, FTX Trading and Alameda with Fraud and Material Misrepresentations (13 December 2022)

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: The complaint alleges the loss of over USD 8 billion in FTX customer deposits (an allegation, not a finding). Cited by incidents/inc-2022-xx-ftx.yaml.

Circle Internet Financial

Blog: Uncharted | The Responsibility of Trust (August 2022)

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: The issuer's statement: Centre, the consortium behind USDC, followed the U.S. Treasury sanctions against Tornado Cash and blocked the related addresses; Circle blocked the addresses on its platform. No frozen amount is stated. Cited by incidents/inc-2022-xx-usdc-tornado-cash.yaml.

Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)

Consumer price index for Germany, monthly

Licence

dl-de/by-2-0 (Datenlizenz Deutschland – Namensnennung – Version 2.0)

Downloads and exports

Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.

Attribution

Data source: Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis), Genesis-Online; Data licence by-2-0 (https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0); own calculation.

Update rhythm

Monthly

Responsible

data-desk

Dataset code

GENESIS 61111-0002

Series

destatis-cpi-de-index: not loaded yet
destatis-cpi-de-yoy: not loaded yet

Note

Destatis asks for "own calculation / own representation" in the source note when data are recalculated, and for the link to the licence text in electronic publications.

Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)

Consumer price index for Germany, long series from 1948 (DM era)

Licence

Destatis copyright terms for destatis.de: reproduction and distribution, also for commercial purposes, permitted provided the source is mentioned; altered or recalculated data must be marked as such (https://www.destatis.de/EN/Service/Legal-Notice/CopyrightGeneral.html).

Downloads and exports

Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.

Attribution

Source: Consumer price index for Germany, long series, Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis), as publisher and data owner; own calculation.

Update rhythm

One-off upload

Responsible

data-desk

Series

destatis-cpi-de-long (Consumer price index for Germany, long series from 1948): up to date

Note

Reviewed CSV upload of the long series (former territory of the Federal Republic before 1991, chained to the all-Germany index), used by the purchasing power calculator with the fixed rate of 1.95583 DEM per EUR. The exact publication and table to be used, and the chaining rule, are TODO(to be provided by the client). Re-upload on each rebasing of the index.

European Banking Authority (EBA)

Guidelines on information requirements in relation to transfers of funds and certain crypto-assets transfers under Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 (Travel rule Guidelines, EBA/GL/2024/11)

Licence: EBA legal notice (https://www.eba.europa.eu/legal-notice): "Reproduction of all EBA material on this site is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged, save where otherwise stated." The copyright does not extend to publicly available legislative texts or third-party material.
Downloads and exports: Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.
Attribution: Source: European Banking Authority, Travel rule Guidelines (EBA/GL/2024/11).
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Dataset code: EBA/GL/2024/11
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: The EBA page lists status "Applicable", application date 30/12/2024 and compliance deadline 27/11/2024. The guidelines PDF itself was not read; the dossier cites the page only. LEGAL_REVIEW(dossier-travel-rule).

European Banking Authority (EBA)

Press release: The EBA issues 'travel rule' guidance to tackle money laundering and terrorist financing in transfers of funds and crypto assets (4 July 2024)

Licence: EBA legal notice (https://www.eba.europa.eu/legal-notice): "Reproduction of all EBA material on this site is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged, save where otherwise stated." The copyright does not extend to publicly available legislative texts or third-party material.
Downloads and exports: Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.
Attribution: Source: European Banking Authority, press release of 4 July 2024.
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: States what the travel rule guidelines specify, their application from 30 December 2024 and the legal basis (Article 36 of Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 and Article 19a(2) of Directive (EU) 2015/849). LEGAL_REVIEW(dossier-travel-rule).

European Central Bank (ECB)

Study on the payment attitudes of consumers in the euro area (SPACE) – 2024

Licence: © European Central Bank, 2024. All rights reserved. Reproduction for educational and non-commercial purposes is permitted provided that the source is acknowledged (imprint of the PDF edition, doi:10.2866/2856633). The ECB's general website terms (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/disclaimer/html/index.en.html) allow reuse with the ECB cited as the source. Whether the platform's use is non-commercial is TODO(to be provided by the client).
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: Source: European Central Bank, SPACE 2024.
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Dataset code: SPACE 2024, section 2.2 (POS transactions), Chart 5; doi:10.2866/9860161
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Published December 2024 (fieldwork September 2023 to June 2024). The cash index uses the share of cash in the number of point-of-sale payments only where the study text states the country figure: "The share of cash payments varied between 22% in the Netherlands and 27% in Finland to 64% in Slovenia and 67% in Malta" and 52% for the euro area as a whole. The other countries' figures are only drawn in Chart 5 (no numbers in the text) and stay not yet sourced. The study notes that the German and Dutch figures come from national surveys with a slightly different questionnaire. Not redistributable until the non-commercial condition is cleared.

European Central Bank

Press release: ECB's reaction to the Cyprus adjustment programme (25 March 2013)

Licence: ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website's copyright terms: information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, and modifications disclosed (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/using-our-site/disclaimer/html/index.en.html).
Downloads and exports: Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.
Attribution: Source: European Central Bank (ECB).
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Acknowledges the agreement of the Eurogroup with the Cypriot authorities of 25 March 2013. Cited by incidents/inc-2013-cy-bail-in.yaml.

European Central Bank (ECB)

Press release: Eurosystem moving to next phase of digital euro project (30 October 2025)

Licence: ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website terms (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/disclaimer/html/index.en.html): information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, modifications stated explicitly, and buyers of paid documents told that the information is available free of charge on the ECB website.
Downloads and exports: Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.
Attribution: Source: European Central Bank (ECB).
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Governing Council decision to move to the next phase; conditional timeline (legislation in the course of 2026, pilot as of mid-2027, readiness for a potential first issuance during 2029); final issuance decision only after the legislation is adopted. LEGAL_REVIEW(dossier-digital-euro).

European Central Bank (ECB)

Digital euro pilot

Licence: ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website terms (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/disclaimer/html/index.en.html): information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, modifications stated explicitly, and buyers of paid documents told that the information is available free of charge on the ECB website.
Downloads and exports: Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.
Attribution: Source: European Central Bank (ECB).
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Pilot planned to start in the second half of 2027 and run for 12 months, with 36 selected payment service providers; issuance readiness during 2029 assuming the Regulation is adopted in 2026. The page is updated without a version date; record the retrieval date when citing it. LEGAL_REVIEW(dossier-digital-euro).

European Central Bank (ECB)

Press release: Eurosystem proceeds to next phase of digital euro project (18 October 2023)

Licence: ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website terms (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/disclaimer/html/index.en.html): information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, modifications stated explicitly, and buyers of paid documents told that the information is available free of charge on the ECB website.
Downloads and exports: Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.
Attribution: Source: European Central Bank (ECB).
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Governing Council decision of 18 October 2023 to move to the preparation phase, starting 1 November 2023 for an initial two years; states that this is not a decision on issuance. LEGAL_REVIEW(dossier-digital-euro).

European Central Bank (ECB)

Progress on the digital euro

Licence: ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website terms (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/disclaimer/html/index.en.html): information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, modifications stated explicitly, and buyers of paid documents told that the information is available free of charge on the ECB website.
Downloads and exports: Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.
Attribution: Source: European Central Bank (ECB).
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Project history page: investigation phase October 2021 to October 2023, preparation phase November 2023 to October 2025, the October 2025 decision and the list of progress reports. The page is updated without a version date; record the retrieval date when citing it. LEGAL_REVIEW(dossier-digital-euro).

European Central Bank

Euro foreign exchange reference rates

Licence

ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website's copyright terms: information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, and modifications disclosed (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/using-our-site/disclaimer/html/index.en.html).

Downloads and exports

Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.

Attribution

Source: European Central Bank (ECB).

Update rhythm

Daily

Responsible

data-desk

Dataset code

EXR (daily series EXR.D.<currency>.EUR.SP00.A)

Series

ecb-exr-usd-eur (ECB euro reference rate, US dollar per euro): up to date
ecb-exr-chf-eur (ECB euro reference rate, Swiss franc per euro): up to date
ecb-exr-gbp-eur (ECB euro reference rate, pound sterling per euro): up to date
ecb-exr-jpy-eur (ECB euro reference rate, Japanese yen per euro): up to date

Note

Published every working day at around 16:00 CET. The denominator switch uses the same-day rate; days without a rate use the last available business day.

European Central Bank

Internal liquidity management (ILM), Eurosystem total assets, weekly

Licence

ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website's copyright terms: information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, and modifications (e.g. calculation of growth rates) stated explicitly (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/using-our-site/disclaimer/html/index.en.html).

Downloads and exports

Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.

Attribution

Source: European Central Bank (ECB).

Update rhythm

Weekly

Responsible

data-desk

Dataset code

ILM (ILM.W.U2.C.T000000.Z5.Z01)

Series

ecb-ilm-ea-total-assets (Eurosystem consolidated balance sheet, total assets, weekly): up to date

Note

Total assets/liabilities of the Eurosystem from the weekly financial statement, EUR millions (UNIT EUR, UNIT_MULT 6), one value per reporting week (ISO week). The Money Clock extrapolates the latest year-on-year change (an own calculation, stated on the page).

European Central Bank

Press release: ELA to Greek banks maintained at its current level (28 June 2015)

Licence: ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website's copyright terms: information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, and modifications disclosed (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/using-our-site/disclaimer/html/index.en.html).
Downloads and exports: Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.
Attribution: Source: European Central Bank (ECB).
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Emergency liquidity assistance to Greek banks kept at the level of 26 June 2015. Cited by incidents/inc-2015-gr-capital-controls.yaml.

European Central Bank

Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP), euro area, overall index

Licence

Downloads and exports

Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.

Attribution

Source: European Central Bank (ECB); HICP compiled by Eurostat.

Update rhythm

Monthly

Responsible

data-desk

Dataset code

ICP (ICP.M.U2.N.000000.4.ANR, ICP.M.U2.N.000000.4.INX)

Series

ecb-hicp-ea-yoy (HICP, euro area, overall index, annual rate of change): delayed or incomplete
ecb-hicp-ea-index (HICP, euro area, overall index): delayed or incomplete

Note

Chosen over the Eurostat dataset (prc_hicp) so that all euro-area series come through one adapter; the figures are Eurostat's HICP as disseminated by the ECB.

European Central Bank

ECB key interest rates

Licence

Downloads and exports

Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.

Attribution

Source: European Central Bank (ECB).

Update rhythm

Daily

Responsible

data-desk

Dataset code

FM (FM.D.U2.EUR.4F.KR.MRR_FR.LEV, FM.D.U2.EUR.4F.KR.DFR.LEV)

Series

ecb-fm-mrr (ECB main refinancing operations, fixed rate): up to date
ecb-fm-dfr (ECB deposit facility rate): up to date

Note

Main refinancing operations fixed rate and deposit facility rate. The levels change on Governing Council decisions; the daily series repeats the level in force.

European Central Bank

Monetary aggregates M1, M2 and M3, euro area (balance sheet items statistics)

Licence

Downloads and exports

Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.

Attribution

Source: European Central Bank (ECB).

Update rhythm

Monthly

Responsible

data-desk

Dataset code

BSI (stocks BSI.M.U2.Y.V.M10|M20|M30.X.1.U2.2300.Z01.E, annual growth rates BSI.M.U2.Y.V.M10|M20|M30.X.I.U2.2300.Z01.A)

Series

ecb-bsi-ea-m1-level (Monetary aggregate M1, euro area, outstanding amounts): up to date
ecb-bsi-ea-m2-level (Monetary aggregate M2, euro area, outstanding amounts): up to date
ecb-bsi-ea-m3-level (Monetary aggregate M3, euro area, outstanding amounts): up to date
ecb-bsi-ea-m1-yoy (Monetary aggregate M1, euro area, annual growth rate): up to date
ecb-bsi-ea-m2-yoy (Monetary aggregate M2, euro area, annual growth rate): up to date
ecb-bsi-ea-m3-yoy (Monetary aggregate M3, euro area, annual growth rate): up to date

Note

Euro area (changing composition), working day and seasonally adjusted. Stocks are end-of-month outstanding amounts in EUR millions (UNIT EUR, UNIT_MULT 6); the growth rates are the ECB's own annual growth rates computed from the index of notional stocks (they adjust for reclassifications and other non-transaction changes, so they differ from the change in stocks). The money supply monitor shows the ECB's growth rates as published. Published around four weeks after the end of the month.

European Commission

Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the establishment of the digital euro, COM(2023) 369 final, 28 June 2023

Licence: © European Union. The Commission legal notice (https://commission.europa.eu/legal-notice_en) bases the Commission's reuse policy on the Commission Decision of 12 December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents and licenses EU-owned content on that website under CC BY 4.0 unless otherwise specified. This copy comes from the Publications Office CELLAR, whose reuse conditions are referred to op-copyright@publications.europa.eu; whether the notice covers it is TODO(to be provided by the client).
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: Source: European Commission, COM(2023) 369 final. © European Union, 2023.
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Dataset code: COM(2023) 369 final; procedure 2023/0212(COD); CELEX 52023PC0369
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Proposal text as tabled by the Commission (English). Cited by the digital euro dossier for Article 4 (issuance), Article 7 (legal tender status), Articles 15 and 16 (limits to the use as a store of value, holding limits, no interest). The proposal is not adopted law; the text may change in the legislative procedure. LEGAL_REVIEW(dossier-digital-euro).

European Commission, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs

Enhanced Surveillance Report: Greece, November 2019 (Institutional Paper 116)

Licence: © European Union, 2019. Reuse is authorised provided the source is acknowledged (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU).
Downloads and exports: Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.
Attribution: Source: European Commission. © European Union, 2019.
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: States the complete lifting of capital controls as of 1 September 2019. Cited by incidents/inc-2015-gr-capital-controls.yaml.

Electrum

Malware (and other avenues of losing money)

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: Source: Electrum documentation, "Malware (and other avenues of losing money)".
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: A wallet maker on how keys are stolen. Cited by explainer/private-key-and-address as the maker's own statement; its absolute claims (e.g. "Paper cannot be hacked.") are not adopted as fact.

European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA)

Interim MiCA register

Licence: ESMA legal notice (https://www.esma.europa.eu/legal-notice): reproduction authorised provided the source is acknowledged, buyers of documents that include the material are told it is free from ESMA, transformed or republished data are marked as such, and the use does not imply ESMA endorsement.
Downloads and exports: Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.
Attribution: Source: ESMA, interim MiCA register.
Update rhythm: Weekly
Responsible: data-desk
Dataset code: Interim register CSV files: white papers, ART issuers, EMT issuers, authorised CASPs, non-compliant entities
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: ESMA publishes the interim register as CSV files, updated weekly, until it is integrated into ESMA's IT systems; the adapter tolerates format changes. Regulatory status in ratings cites the register entry with its retrieval date.

European Stability Mechanism (ESM)

FAQ: Financial assistance for Cyprus (archived, not updated since September 2013)

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Bank of Cyprus: conversion of 47.5% of uninsured deposits (over EUR 100,000) into equity; Laiki: deposits under EUR 100,000 fully protected, uninsured deposits kept in Legacy Laiki; restrictive measures on cheques, cross-border and large domestic transfers, cash withdrawal and export, and account opening; no restrictions on payment card transactions or incoming payments from abroad. Licence not found (the legal notice pages could not be retrieved). Cited by incidents/inc-2013-cy-bail-in.yaml.

ethereum.org

Ethereum accounts

Licence: No reuse statement found in the retrieved text
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: Source: ethereum.org, "Ethereum accounts".
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Cited by explainer/wallet-holds-keys-not-coins.

ethereum.org

Ethereum wallets

Licence: No reuse statement found in the retrieved text
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: Source: ethereum.org, "Ethereum wallets".
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Cited by explainer/wallet-holds-keys-not-coins.

Publications Office of the European Union (EUR-Lex, Official Journal of the European Union)

Regulation (EU) 2024/1624 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 May 2024 on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing (AMLR)

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: Source: Regulation (EU) 2024/1624, Official Journal of the European Union, L series, 19.6.2024.
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Dataset code: CELEX 32024R1624; OJ L series, 19.6.2024; ELI http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1624/oj
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: English text of the Official Journal version, retrieved from the Publications Office CELLAR (the EUR-Lex HTML and ELI pages did not load). Cited by the EU cash payment cap dossier for Article 80 (limit of EUR 10 000 on cash payments by persons trading in goods or providing services; lower national limits), Article 19 (customer due diligence thresholds), Article 79 (anonymous crypto-asset accounts) and Article 90 (application from 10 July 2027). Amendments after publication are not covered. LEGAL_REVIEW(dossier-eu-cash-cap).

Publications Office of the European Union (EUR-Lex, Official Journal of the European Union)

Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 May 2023 on markets in crypto-assets (MiCA)

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: Source: Regulation (EU) 2023/1114, Official Journal of the European Union, L 150, 9.6.2023.
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Dataset code: CELEX 32023R1114; OJ L 150, 9.6.2023, p. 40
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: English text of the Official Journal version, retrieved from the Publications Office CELLAR (the EUR-Lex HTML and ELI pages did not load). Cited by the MiCA dossier for Article 143 (transitional measures), Article 109 (ESMA register) and Article 149 (entry into force and application). Amendments and corrigenda after publication are not covered; check the consolidated version on the next review. LEGAL_REVIEW(dossier-mica).

Publications Office of the European Union (EUR-Lex, Official Journal of the European Union)

Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 May 2023 on information accompanying transfers of funds and certain crypto-assets (recast)

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: Source: Regulation (EU) 2023/1113, Official Journal of the European Union, L 150, 9.6.2023.
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Dataset code: CELEX 32023R1113; OJ L 150, 9.6.2023, p. 1
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: English text of the Official Journal version, retrieved from the Publications Office CELLAR (the EUR-Lex HTML and ELI pages did not load). Cited by the Travel Rule dossier for Article 14 (information accompanying transfers of crypto-assets), recital 30 (no amount threshold for crypto-asset transfers) and Article 40 (entry into force, application from 30 December 2024). Amendments after publication are not covered. LEGAL_REVIEW(dossier-travel-rule).

European Parliament, Economic Governance Support Unit (EGOV)

In-depth analysis: Greece's financial assistance programme (March 2017)

Licence: © European Union, 2017. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy (document disclaimer).
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: Source: European Parliament, EGOV. © European Union, 2017.
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Box 5 (capital controls): banks closed from 29 June to 20 July 2015; withdrawals limited to EUR 60 per bank card per day; transfers to foreign banks needed prior approval; no limit on domestic card transactions or on withdrawals with cards issued outside Greece; from 20 July 2015 up to EUR 420 per week. Cited by incidents/inc-2015-gr-capital-controls.yaml.

Eurostat

Quarterly government debt (general government gross debt)

Licence

Eurostat copyright notice: "Reuse of statistical data, metadata, publications, and other dissemination tools published on this website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is authorised provided the source is acknowledged." Modifications must be stated; the exception for data of non-EU countries does not apply to the euro area and Germany (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/help/copyright-notice).

Downloads and exports

Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.

Attribution

Source: Eurostat.

Update rhythm

Quarterly

Responsible

data-desk

Dataset code

gov_10q_ggdebt (Q.GD.S13.MIO_EUR.EA21, Q.GD.S13.MIO_EUR.DE)

Series

eurostat-ggdebt-ea-level (General government gross debt, euro area (EA21), end of quarter): delayed or incomplete
eurostat-ggdebt-de-level (General government gross debt, Germany, end of quarter): delayed or incomplete

Note

General government (S13) gross debt at nominal value (Maastricht debt, GD), end of quarter, in EUR millions, not seasonally adjusted; published about four months after the quarter, recent quarters flagged provisional (p). EA21 is the euro area in its 2026 composition; the API refuses the changing-composition code for this flow, so a new member state needs a new key. The Money Clock extrapolates the latest year-on-year change (an own calculation, stated on the page). Chosen over the Bundesbank for Germany so that both counters share one definition and licence.

Eurostat

Government revenue, expenditure and main aggregates (interest payable, D.41)

Licence

Downloads and exports

Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.

Attribution

Source: Eurostat.

Update rhythm

Annually

Responsible

data-desk

Dataset code

gov_10a_main (A.MIO_EUR.S13.D41PAY.EA21, A.MIO_EUR.S13.D41PAY.DE)

Series

eurostat-d41pay-ea-annual (General government interest payable (D.41), euro area (EA21), per year): up to date
eurostat-d41pay-de-annual (General government interest payable (D.41), Germany, per year): up to date

Note

General government (S13) interest payable (ESA 2010 D.41, uses), per calendar year, in EUR millions; published in April and October with the EDP notifications. The Money Clock divides the latest year by its seconds to show the interest burden per second (an own calculation, stated on the page). A quarterly series exists (gov_10q_ggnfa) but is not seasonally adjusted.

Eurostat

HICP, monthly index and annual rate (all items), euro area and Germany

Licence

Eurostat copyright notice: "Reuse of statistical data, metadata, publications, and other dissemination tools published on this website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is authorised provided the source is acknowledged." Modifications must be stated (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/help/copyright-notice).

Downloads and exports

Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.

Attribution

Source: Eurostat.

Update rhythm

Monthly

Responsible

data-desk

Dataset code

prc_hicp_minr (M.I25.TOTAL.EA, M.I25.TOTAL.DE, M.RCH_A.TOTAL.EA)

Series

eurostat-hicp-ea-index (HICP, euro area (changing composition), all items, index 2025=100): up to date
eurostat-hicp-ea-yoy (HICP, euro area (changing composition), all items, annual rate of change): up to date
eurostat-hicp-de-index (HICP, Germany, all items, index 2025=100): up to date

Note

Index 2025=100 (unit I25) and the annual rate of change (unit RCH_A, euro area), all items (TOTAL, ECOICOP version 2), monthly, back to 1996; the latest month may be the flash estimate (flag e), replaced by the final figure in the next release. EA is the euro area in its changing composition. Used by the Money Clock for the euro's purchasing-power loss since 2002 (own calculation from the 2002 annual average, stated on the page), by the birth-year calculator (index) and by the real-rate indicator (annual rate). The ECB's ICP dataset, used for the ecb-hicp-* series, ends with December 2025 since the methodological change of February 2026 (checked on the ECB Data Portal on 2026-10-02).

Financial Conduct Authority

Crypto: The basics

Licence: No reuse statement found in the retrieved text
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: Source: Financial Conduct Authority, "Crypto: The basics".
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: UK supervisor's consumer page; cite attributed. Excerpts name firms and amounts; the brief excludes amounts and brands from the piece. Cited by explainer/wallet-holds-keys-not-coins.

Financial Conduct Authority

Investing in crypto

Licence: No reuse statement found in the retrieved text
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: Source: Financial Conduct Authority, "Investing in crypto".
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: UK supervisor's consumer page; cite attributed. Excerpts name firms and amounts; the brief excludes amounts and brands from the piece. UK-specific regulatory statements are not to be stated as law in this piece. Cited by explainer/wallet-holds-keys-not-coins.

U.S. Department of the Treasury, Bureau of the Fiscal Service

Debt to the Penny

Licence

Open use as published by Fiscal Data: "The data on this site is available to copy, adapt, redistribute, or otherwise use for non-commercial and commercial purposes." (https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/about-us/)

Downloads and exports

Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.

Attribution

None required

Update rhythm

Daily

Responsible

data-desk

Dataset code

v2/accounting/od/debt_to_penny

Series

fiscaldata-debt-us-total (Total public debt outstanding, United States (Debt to the Penny)): up to date

Note

Updated at the end of each business day with the previous business day's data. No attribution is required; chart footers name the source anyway.

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED); original source Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)

Assets: Total Assets: Total Assets (Less Eliminations from Consolidation): Wednesday Level

Licence

Public domain (FRED copyright label: "Public Domain: Citation Requested")

Downloads and exports

Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.

Attribution

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US), Assets: Total Assets: Total Assets (Less Eliminations from Consolidation): Wednesday Level [WALCL], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/WALCL

Update rhythm

Weekly

Responsible

data-desk

Dataset code

WALCL

Series

fred-walcl-us-level (Federal Reserve total assets, Wednesday level): up to date

Note

Millions of US dollars, weekly as of Wednesday, not seasonally adjusted, from release H.4.1 Factors Affecting Reserve Balances. The copyright label was checked on the series page on 2026-10-02. The Money Clock extrapolates the latest year-on-year change (own calculation).

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED); original source U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Federal government current expenditures: Interest payments

Licence

Public domain (FRED copyright label: "Public Domain: Citation Requested")

Downloads and exports

Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.

Attribution

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Federal government current expenditures: Interest payments [A091RC1Q027SBEA], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/A091RC1Q027SBEA

Update rhythm

Quarterly

Responsible

data-desk

Dataset code

A091RC1Q027SBEA

Series

fred-a091rc-us-interest (Federal government current expenditures: interest payments, seasonally adjusted annual rate): delayed or incomplete

Note

Billions of US dollars, quarterly, seasonally adjusted annual rate (NIPA account A091RC, release Gross Domestic Product). Federal government only; state and local government interest is not included, unlike the Eurostat general government figures. The copyright label was checked on the series page on 2026-10-02. The Money Clock divides the annual rate by the seconds of a year for the interest burden per second (own calculation).

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED); original source Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)

Federal Funds Effective Rate

Licence

Public domain (FRED copyright label: "Public Domain: Citation Requested")

Downloads and exports

Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.

Attribution

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US), Federal Funds Effective Rate [FEDFUNDS], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FEDFUNDS

Update rhythm

Monthly

Responsible

data-desk

Dataset code

FEDFUNDS

Series

fred-fedfunds-us-rate (Federal funds effective rate): up to date

Note

Monthly effective rate from release H.15. FRED's legal terms (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/) set the copyright status per series.

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED); original source Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)

M2 money stock, seasonally adjusted

Licence

Public domain (FRED copyright label: "Public Domain: Citation Requested")

Downloads and exports

Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.

Attribution

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US), M2 [M2SL], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/M2SL

Update rhythm

Monthly

Responsible

data-desk

Dataset code

M2SL

Series

fred-m2sl-us-level (M2 money stock, United States, seasonally adjusted): up to date

Note

Billions of US dollars, monthly, seasonally adjusted, from release H.6 Money Stock Measures. The copyright label was checked on the series page on 2026-09-29; FRED's legal terms (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/) set the status per series. Year-on-year growth is derived from the levels (own calculation).

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED); original source U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers, All Items in U.S. City Average

Licence

Public domain (FRED copyright label: "Public Domain: Citation Requested")

Downloads and exports

Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.

Attribution

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average [CPIAUCSL], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CPIAUCSL

Update rhythm

Monthly

Responsible

data-desk

Dataset code

CPIAUCSL

Series

fred-cpiaucsl-us-index (US consumer price index, all urban consumers, seasonally adjusted): delayed or incomplete

Note

FRED's legal terms (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/) set the copyright status per series. Re-check the label on each new FRED series; only "Public Domain" and "Copyrighted: Citation required" series may be redistributed with attribution.

ICE Benchmark Administration (LBMA Gold Price)

LBMA Gold Price

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: Daily
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Superseded for the gold price (ADR-090): the gold denominator and the gold charts read tvc-gold-usd-close from src-tradingview-market-data, the documented alternative of arch §23 #2. The LBMA Gold Price is a licensed benchmark whose terms for display and redistribution were never settled, so its sample series lbma-gold-usd-pm is retired. Kept as a reference for content that cites the benchmark.

Légifrance (Republic of France)

Code monétaire et financier, articles D112-3 and R112-5 (cash payment limits)

Licence: Licence Ouverte / Open Licence 2.0 (etalab-2.0): "Sauf mention contraire, tous les contenus de ce site sont sous licence etalab-2.0" (https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/contenu/pied-de-page/licences-de-reutilisation).
Downloads and exports: Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.
Attribution: Source: Légifrance, Code monétaire et financier, article D112-3 (Licence Ouverte 2.0).
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Article D112-3 (version in force since 1 October 2018) sets the limit for cash payments under article L112-6 at 1,000 euros where the debtor has its tax domicile in France or acts for a professional activity, and at 10,000 or 15,000 euros for debtors who show a tax domicile abroad. The cash index records the 1,000 euro limit. LEGAL_REVIEW(cash-index): scope (payments to and between professionals) as worded on the page.

Bitcoin Improvement Proposals (bitcoin/bips repository)

BIP-39: Mnemonic code for generating deterministic keys

Licence: MIT License (as stated in the document; retrieved from raw.githubusercontent.com).
Downloads and exports: Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.
Attribution: Source: BIP-39, bitcoin/bips repository (MIT License).
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: "This BIP describes the implementation of a mnemonic code or mnemonic sentence -- a group of easy to remember words -- for the generation of deterministic wallets." The mnemonic is turned into a binary seed that "can be later used to generate deterministic wallets". Cited by the lost phone scenario (a wallet restored from its words on another device).

Chainalysis

Blog: 2024 Crypto Crime Trends (introduction to the 2024 Crypto Crime Report)

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: A blockchain analytics company's estimate, not an official statistic. The share of all crypto transaction volume associated with illicit activity fell "to 0.34% from 0.42% in 2022"; illicit addresses received USD 24.2 billion in 2023. The figures are "lower bound estimates based on inflows to the illicit addresses we've identified today" and are expected to rise as more addresses are identified. Cited by the "Bitcoin is only for criminals" myth check.

European Central Bank (ECB)

The ECB's monetary policy strategy statement (2021)

Licence: ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website's copyright terms: information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, and modifications disclosed (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/using-our-site/disclaimer/html/index.en.html).
Downloads and exports: Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.
Attribution: Source: European Central Bank (ECB).
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: "The Governing Council considers that price stability is best maintained by aiming for two per cent inflation over the medium term. The Governing Council's commitment to this target is symmetric." An inflation buffer above zero "provides monetary policy with space for interest rate cuts in the event of adverse developments and a safety margin against the risk of deflation"; downward nominal wage rigidities and measurement bias also warrant a buffer. Cited by the 2 % inflation myth check.

European Commission, DG Taxation and Customs Union

EU cash controls

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Dataset code: Regulation (EU) 2018/1672 on controls on cash entering or leaving the Union
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Travellers entering or leaving the EU with EUR 10 000 or more in cash must declare it. Cash includes banknotes and coins, bearer negotiable instruments, gold coins with a gold content of at least 90% and gold bars, nuggets or clumps with a gold content of at least 99.5%. Undeclared cash may be detained. Legal basis: Regulation (EU) 2018/1672. Cited by the move abroad scenario and the gold myth check.

European Commission, DG Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union

Deposit guarantee schemes

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Page updated 17 July 2026. Deposit guarantee schemes "protect depositors' savings by guaranteeing deposits of up to €100 000"; the framework is Directive 2014/49/EU, revised in 2026. The page states no repayment deadline in working days, so the scenarios leave the payout time as a gap. Cited by the bank failure scenario and the stablecoin myth check.

European Union, Your Europe

Bank accounts in the EU

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Last checked by the publisher 11 May 2026. Deposits are "protected up to a limit of EUR 100 000 or the equivalent in local currency", per person and per bank. A person legally resident in an EU country is entitled to open a "basic payment account", and banks "cannot refuse your application for a basic payment account just because you don't live in the country where the bank is established". Cited by the bank failure and move abroad scenarios.

European Union, Your Europe

Payments, transfers and cheques

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Last checked by the publisher 28 April 2026. Victims of card or payment fraud "can only be asked to pay a maximum of €50 towards the cost of the fraudulent payments", and nothing where they were unaware of the loss, theft or misappropriation. Cited by the lost phone scenario.

MetaMask

How to secure your Secret Recovery Phrase and password

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: Source: MetaMask Support, "How to secure your Secret Recovery Phrase and password".
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: A wallet maker's statement that it never asks for the recovery phrase. Cited by explainer/seed-phrase as the maker's own statement; the published text names no wallet brand.

Presidencia de la Nación (InfoLEG)

Decreto 2128/1991: Moneda de curso legal, cambio de denominación (10 October 1991)

Licence: CC-BY-4.0: argentina.gob.ar licenses all its contents under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International unless stated otherwise (https://www.argentina.gob.ar/terminos-y-condiciones).
Downloads and exports: Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.
Attribution: Source: InfoLEG, Presidencia de la Nación (argentina.gob.ar), CC BY 4.0.
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Art. 1: from 1 January 1992 the banknotes and coins issued by the Banco Central de la República Argentina are legal tender under the name peso; art. 2: one peso equals 10,000 australes. Cited by apps/web/seeds/money-stories.json (money_story/ar).

Presidencia de la Nación (InfoLEG)

Ley 23.928: Convertibilidad del austral (27 March 1991)

Licence: CC-BY-4.0: argentina.gob.ar licenses all its contents under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International unless stated otherwise (https://www.argentina.gob.ar/terminos-y-condiciones).
Downloads and exports: Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.
Attribution: Source: InfoLEG, Presidencia de la Nación (argentina.gob.ar), CC BY 4.0.
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Sanctioned 27 March 1991, published 28 March 1991. Art. 1: convertibility of the austral with the US dollar from 1 April 1991 at 10,000 australes per dollar. Cited by apps/web/seeds/money-stories.json (money_story/ar).

Presidencia de la Nación (InfoLEG)

Ley 25.561: Emergencia pública y reforma del régimen cambiario (6 January 2002)

Licence: CC-BY-4.0: argentina.gob.ar licenses all its contents under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International unless stated otherwise (https://www.argentina.gob.ar/terminos-y-condiciones).
Downloads and exports: Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.
Attribution: Source: InfoLEG, Presidencia de la Nación (argentina.gob.ar), CC BY 4.0.
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Sanctioned 6 January 2002, published 7 January 2002. Art. 3 repeals articles 1, 2, 8, 9, 12 and 13 of Ley 23.928 (the convertibility articles). Cited by apps/web/seeds/money-stories.json (money_story/ar).

Oesterreichische Nationalbank (OeNB)

Unternehmensgeschichte (corporate history)

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Sentences used: the imperial patents of 1 June 1816 led to the founding of the privileged Austrian National Bank; the Oesterreichische Nationalbank began operating on 1 January 1923; the schilling replaced the crown currency (10,000 crowns to 1 schilling, no day given); from 21 December 1945 the schilling was again legal tender and sole unit of account, after the Reichsmark and the Allied military schilling; euro introduced as book money on 1 January 1999. Cited by apps/web/seeds/money-stories.json (money_story/at).

Swiss National Bank

Chronicle of monetary events

Licence: Non-commercial reuse only: the SNB copyright notice allows information and data to be saved, translated (with reference to the source), transmitted or used in other ways for non-commercial purposes compatible with their purpose (https://www.snb.ch/en/srv/disclaimer_copyright). Commercial reuse: TODO(to be provided by the client).
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: Source: Swiss National Bank (SNB).
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Entries used: 20.06.1907 the SNB opens for business in Basel, Berne, Geneva, St Gallen and Zurich; 27.09.1936 Federal Council Decree on currency measures (devaluation of the Swiss franc by an average of 30%); 23.01.1973 the SNB ends its dollar purchases supporting the exchange rate (currency allowed to float); 01.05.2000 the Federal Act on Currency and Payment Instruments and the revised Coinage Ordinance enter into force. Cited by apps/web/seeds/money-stories.json (money_story/ch).

Swiss National Bank

Press release: Swiss National Bank sets minimum exchange rate at CHF 1.20 per euro (6 September 2011)

Licence: Non-commercial reuse only: the SNB copyright notice allows information and data to be saved, translated (with reference to the source), transmitted or used in other ways for non-commercial purposes compatible with their purpose (https://www.snb.ch/en/srv/disclaimer_copyright). Commercial reuse: TODO(to be provided by the client).
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: Source: Swiss National Bank (SNB).
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: The SNB set a minimum exchange rate of CHF 1.20 per euro on 6 September 2011. Cited by apps/web/seeds/money-stories.json (money_story/ch).

Swiss National Bank

Speech: SNB monetary policy after the discontinuation of the minimum exchange rate (24 April 2015)

Licence: Non-commercial reuse only: the SNB copyright notice allows information and data to be saved, translated (with reference to the source), transmitted or used in other ways for non-commercial purposes compatible with their purpose (https://www.snb.ch/en/srv/disclaimer_copyright). Commercial reuse: TODO(to be provided by the client).
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: Source: Swiss National Bank (SNB).
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: States that on 15 January 2015 the SNB Governing Board decided to discontinue the minimum exchange rate of CHF 1.20 per euro and lowered the interest rate on sight deposit balances to -0.75%. The press release of 15 January 2015 (pre_20150115) showed only a PDF link and was not used. Cited by apps/web/seeds/money-stories.json (money_story/ch).

European Central Bank

Press release: Cyprus and Malta join the euro area (1 January 2008)

Licence: ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website's copyright terms: information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, and modifications disclosed (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/using-our-site/disclaimer/html/index.en.html).
Downloads and exports: Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.
Attribution: Source: European Central Bank (ECB).
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: States that the euro was introduced in Cyprus and Malta on the day of the release (1 January 2008), bringing the number of EU Member States using the euro to 15. Cited by apps/web/seeds/money-stories.json (money_story/cy).

Deutsche Bundesbank

Dates of the German monetary policy (summary)

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: Source: Deutsche Bundesbank
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Entries used: 20 June 1948 currency reform in West Germany, D-Mark replaces the Reichsmark; 26 July 1957 Bundesbank Act, Deutsche Bundesbank established; 12 March 1973 block floating against the dollar, Bretton Woods fixed exchange rates collapse; 1 July 1990 monetary, economic and social union, D-Mark adopted in eastern Germany; 1 January 1999 Stage Three of EMU, euro common currency of 11 countries; 1 January 2002 euro cash. Licence not certain: the Bundesbank conditions for the general use of the website allow saving, forwarding and reproducing for personal or professional use, unaltered and cited as "Source: Deutsche Bundesbank"; redistribution is to be confirmed. Cited by apps/web/seeds/money-stories.json (money_story/de).

European Central Bank

The euro: introduction, euro area members and fixed conversion rates

Licence: ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website's copyright terms: information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, and modifications disclosed (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/using-our-site/disclaimer/html/index.en.html).
Downloads and exports: Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.
Attribution: Source: European Central Bank (ECB).
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: States that the euro was launched on 1 January 1999 and that euro cash was introduced on 1 January 2002, replacing the national banknotes and coins at fixed conversion rates (DEM 1.95583, ATS 13.7603, ESP 166.386, GRD 340.750, CYP 0.585274 per euro). The member table gives years only (Germany, Austria, Spain 1999; Greece 2001; Cyprus 2008). Shared by several money stories, hence the euro-area prefix. Cited by apps/web/seeds/money-stories.json (money_story/de, at, es, gr).

Banco de España

History of peseta coins and notes

Licence: Copyright Banco de España. The website disclaimer allows distribution and reproduction if carried out faithfully, without altering the content, and with the Banco de España cited as the source (https://www.bde.es/wbe/en/pie/aviso-legal/). Other Banco de España pages name CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 for its texts; which applies here is TODO(to be provided by the client).
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: Source: Banco de España.
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Sentences used: the peseta was established as the basic unit of the Spanish monetary system by a Government Decree of 19 October 1868; the first peseta banknotes were printed on 1 July 1874, when the Banco de España was granted exclusive rights to print banknotes; euro banknotes and coins entered into circulation on 1 January 2002; they coexisted with the peseta until 28 February 2002, after which the euro was the sole legal tender; the deadline for exchanging pesetas for euro was 30 June 2021. Cited by apps/web/seeds/money-stories.json (money_story/es).

European Central Bank

Press release: Greece now a member of European Economic and Monetary Union (2 January 2001)

Licence: ECB copyright; reuse free of charge under the ECB website's copyright terms: information must be reproduced accurately, the ECB cited as the source, and modifications disclosed (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/using-our-site/disclaimer/html/index.en.html).
Downloads and exports: Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.
Attribution: Source: European Central Bank (ECB).
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: States that the euro was introduced in Greece on 1 January 2001, the twelfth EU Member State to adopt it. Cited by apps/web/seeds/money-stories.json (money_story/gr).

International Monetary Fund

Lebanon: 2023 Article IV Consultation (IMF Country Report No. 23/237, June 2023)

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Sentences used: Circular 158 (June 8, 2021) allows depositors who had FX accounts before October 31, 2019 to withdraw up to US$800 per month; Circular 161 (December 16, 2021) permits banks to sell US$ at the Sayrafa rate subject to monthly quotas; default on Eurobond debt service in March 2020 (no day given); official exchange rate kept at 1,507.5 LBP/US$ and moved to 15,000 LBP/US$ in February 2023 (no day given); staff-level agreement in April 2022 (no day given). The IMF press release PR22/108 returned HTTP 403. Cited by apps/web/seeds/money-stories.json (money_story/lb).

Central Bank of Nigeria

1973 currency issue

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Sentences used: on 1st January 1973 Nigeria changed to decimal currency; the naira, equivalent to ten shillings, became the major unit, with the kobo as the minor unit. Cited by apps/web/seeds/money-stories.json (money_story/ng).

Central Bank of Nigeria

History of Nigerian currency

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Sentences used: on 1st July 1959 the CBN issued Nigerian currency banknotes while the WACB-issued banknotes and coins were withdrawn; on 28th February 2007 the N20 was issued in polymer substrate and other denominations reissued in new designs. Cited by apps/web/seeds/money-stories.json (money_story/ng).

Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (CBRT)

Banknotes of the Republic of Türkiye (emission groups)

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Sentences used: the first emission group banknotes were put into circulation on 5 December 1927; the Eighth Issue (E8) was printed under the decision to drop six zeros from the currency (Law No. 5083 of 28.01.2004) and put into circulation on 1 January 2005 in New Turkish lira; the Council of Ministers decision removing the prefix "New" from the currency name on 1 January 2009 was promulgated in the Official Gazette of 5 May 2007. Cited by apps/web/seeds/money-stories.json (money_story/tr).

Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (CBRT)

Our history

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Sentences used: the founding law was enacted on 11 June 1930 and the CBRT started to function on 3 October 1931; the free floating exchange rate regime was adopted on 22 February 2001; significant amendments were made to the CBRT Law on 25 April 2001. Cited by apps/web/seeds/money-stories.json (money_story/tr).

MtGox Co., Ltd.

Announcement regarding the balance of bitcoin held by the company (20 March 2014)

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Approximately 200,000 BTC found in an old-format wallet on 7 March 2014; disappeared bitcoin re-estimated at approximately 650,000. Cited by incidents/inc-2014-jp-mt-gox.yaml.

MtGox Co., Ltd.

Announcement regarding an application for commencement of a procedure of civil rehabilitation (28 February 2014, English translation)

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Application to the Tokyo District Court on 28 February 2014; approximately 750,000 bitcoins deposited by users and approximately 100,000 of its own had disappeared; a cash discrepancy of approximately JPY 2.8 billion; site closed at noon on 25 February 2014. Cited by incidents/inc-2014-jp-mt-gox.yaml.

MtGox Co., Ltd., Rehabilitation Trustee

Notice regarding Commencement of Repayments in Bitcoin and Bitcoin Cash (24 June 2024)

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Repayments in bitcoin and bitcoin cash under the rehabilitation plan from the beginning of July 2024, through cryptocurrency exchanges. Cited by incidents/inc-2014-jp-mt-gox.yaml.

Satoshi Nakamoto

Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: Source: Satoshi Nakamoto, "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System".
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Fetch returned unreachable; no content hash and no excerpts. Sections 2 and 9 (MUST CITE) not yet sourced. Re-fetch needed before any claim cites this entry. Cited by explainer/wallet-holds-keys-not-coins.

Normattiva (Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato)

Decreto legislativo 21 novembre 2007, n. 231, articolo 49 (limits on the use of cash)

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: Source: Normattiva, d.lgs. 231/2007, art. 49.
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Article 49 in the version in force from 1 January 2023, comma 3-bis: "A decorrere dal 1° gennaio 2023, il predetto divieto di cui al comma 1 è riferito alla cifra di 5.000 euro". The ban covers transfers of cash between different persons of 5,000 euros or more. The Normattiva legal notes could not be loaded on 2026-10-02, so the licence is open and the entry is not redistributable. LEGAL_REVIEW(cash-index).

Reserve Bank of India

Notification: Withdrawal of the legal tender character of the existing and any older series banknotes in the denominations of ₹ 500 and ₹ 1000 (9 November 2016)

Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Cites Gazette notification S.O. 3408(E) of 8 November 2016; legal tender character withdrawn with effect from the midnight of 8 November 2016. LEGAL_REVIEW(source-linking): the RBI disclaimer asks for permission before deep links. Cited by incidents/inc-2016-in-demonetisation.yaml.

Reserve Bank of India

Press release: Withdrawal of Legal Tender Status for ₹ 500 and ₹ 1000 Notes: RBI Notice (8 November 2016)

Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Legal tender withdrawn by a Government of India notification of 8 November 2016; the notes could be credited to bank accounts or exchanged over the counter up to ₹ 4,000; withdrawals from accounts capped at ₹ 10,000 per day and ₹ 20,000 per week until 24 November 2016; ATM withdrawals ₹ 2,000 per card per day until 18 November; deadline 30 December 2016. LEGAL_REVIEW(source-linking): the RBI disclaimer asks for permission before deep links. Cited by incidents/inc-2016-in-demonetisation.yaml.

Securities Commission of The Bahamas

Media release: Securities Commission of The Bahamas Assumes Control of Assets of FTX Digital Markets Ltd. (17 November 2022)

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: On 12 November 2022, under an order of the Supreme Court of The Bahamas, the Commission directed the transfer of all digital assets of FTX Digital Markets Ltd. to a wallet it controls; it does not understand FDM to be a party to the US chapter 11 proceedings. Cited by incidents/inc-2022-xx-ftx.yaml.

Service-Public.fr (Direction de l'information légale et administrative)

Paiement en espèces (cash payment), rights and obligations of consumers

Licence: Licence Ouverte / Open Licence 2.0 (etalab-2.0): "Sauf mention contraire, tous les contenus de ce site sont sous licence etalab-2.0" (terms of use, https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/P10050).
Downloads and exports: Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.
Attribution: Source: Service-Public.fr (Licence Ouverte 2.0).
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Page "Vérifié le 26 juin 2026". It states that a cash payment cannot in principle be refused ("En principe, un paiement en espèces ne peut pas vous être refusé"), lists the exceptions (damaged or doubtful notes, a large number of coins, no change available, foreign currency, reasons of public interest), and names a fine of 150 euros for a refusal. It cites the Code monétaire et financier, articles L112-6 to L112-8, D112-3 and R112-5. Recorded in the cash index as acceptance_obligation `required_with_exceptions`. LEGAL_REVIEW(cash-index).

SatoshiLabs (satoshilabs/slips repository)

SLIP-0039: Shamir's Secret-Sharing for Mnemonic Codes

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: Source: SLIP-0039, satoshilabs/slips repository.
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Specification for splitting a recovery phrase into shares. Cited by explainer/seed-phrase. The retrieved text was cut off before any licence statement.

Swiss National Bank (SNB)

Monetary aggregates M1, M2 and M3, Switzerland

Licence

SNB copyright terms (https://www.snb.ch/en/srv/disclaimer_copyright): information and data may be saved, translated (with reference to the source), transmitted or used in other ways for non-commercial purposes compatible with their purpose. Commercial use is not granted there; whether the platform's use is non-commercial is TODO(to be provided by the client).

Downloads and exports

Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.

Attribution

Source: Swiss National Bank (SNB).

Update rhythm

Monthly

Responsible

data-desk

Dataset code

SNB data portal cube snbmonagg (D0 = B: level; D1 = GM1, GM2, GM3)

Series

snb-monagg-ch-m1 (Monetary aggregate M1, Switzerland): up to date
snb-monagg-ch-m2 (Monetary aggregate M2, Switzerland): up to date
snb-monagg-ch-m3 (Monetary aggregate M3, Switzerland): up to date

Note

Levels in CHF millions (end of month). The data portal also has a CSV API (https://data.snb.ch/api/cube/snbmonagg/data/csv/en, semicolon-separated with a two-line preamble), which is not SDMX, so the series are reviewed CSV uploads until an adapter exists. Not redistributable (no CSV export or embed) until the non-commercial condition is cleared with the SNB. Year-on-year growth is derived from the levels (own calculation); the SNB also publishes it (D0 = VV).

TradingView

TradingView daily market data (crypto prices and market capitalisation, gold TVC:GOLD)

Licence

TradingView Terms of Use (https://www.tradingview.com/policies/). Not redistributable here: the data is shown on this site only. LEGAL_REVIEW(tradingview-terms): whether the terms cover display of data read through the unofficial chart websocket is to be reviewed before production use; the exact terms are TODO(to be provided by the client).

Downloads and exports

Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.

Attribution

Data: TradingView

Update rhythm

Daily

Responsible

data-desk

Dataset code

TVC:GOLD

Series

tvc-gold-usd-close (Gold price (TradingView TVC:GOLD)): up to date

Note

Daily candles read once a day (00:40 UTC) by the worker job data.fetch_tradingview through TradingView's chart websocket: one connection and one chart session at a time, symbols in sequence with a jittered pause of 4 to 10 seconds, the full daily history once per symbol, then incremental ranges (days since the last stored close plus 3), a circuit breaker and at most one follow-up run two hours later (ADR-090). Only completed daily bars are stored. Crypto closes go into market quotes (provider tradingview); CRYPTOCAP symbols give the market capitalisation and 24 h volume in USD. The gold series tvc-gold-usd-close is TVC:GOLD, TradingView's gold quote in USD per troy ounce: the documented alternative to the licensed LBMA Gold Price (arch §23 #2). It is not the LBMA benchmark: its daily close follows TradingView's trading session, not the LBMA PM auction, so the two can differ. Shown on the site only: never in API v1, CSV exports or embeds.

Trezor

How to use a wallet backup

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: Source: Trezor Guides, "How to use a wallet backup".
Update rhythm: on_change
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: A wallet maker's statement that it never asks for the wallet backup. Cited by explainer/seed-phrase as the maker's own statement; the published text names no wallet brand. BIP-39 itself is src-lt-bip39.

United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware

In re FTX Trading Ltd., et al., Case No. 22-11068 (JTD): Memorandum Opinion and Order regarding Estimation of Digital Asset Claims (26 June 2024)

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Background section: customers withdrew their assets in early November 2022; the debtors filed for relief under chapter 11 on 11 November 2022 (petition date); claims seek the value of the digital assets held by the debtors. Cited by incidents/inc-2022-xx-ftx.yaml.

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Minerals Information Center

World gold mine production, annual

Licence

Public domain: "USGS-authored or produced data and information are considered to be in the U.S. Public Domain" (https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits).

Downloads and exports

Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.

Attribution

Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries (gold).

Update rhythm

Annually

Responsible

data-desk

Dataset code

Mineral Commodity Summaries, gold ("World total (rounded)" mine production); history from Data Series 140, gold (world production)

Series

usgs-gold-world-mine-output (World gold mine production): up to date

Note

Metric tons of gold content. Each Mineral Commodity Summaries edition (published each January or February) gives the world total for the two previous years, rounded; the latest year is an estimate and is revised in the next edition, which is stored as a new vintage. The long history comes from Data Series 140 (historical statistics, in kilograms, converted to metric tons on upload). Chosen over the World Gold Council, whose terms were not checked, because the USGS figures are public domain. MCS 2026: 3,280 t (2024) and an estimated 3,300 t (2025).

U.S. Department of the Treasury

Press release sb0057: Tornado Cash Delisting (21 March 2025)

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Tornado Cash removed from the sanctions list. Cited by incidents/inc-2022-xx-usdc-tornado-cash.yaml.

U.S. Department of the Treasury

Press release jy0916: U.S. Treasury Sanctions Notorious Virtual Currency Mixer Tornado Cash (8 August 2022)

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: OFAC designation of Tornado Cash; its property and interests in property subject to U.S. jurisdiction are blocked. Cited by incidents/inc-2022-xx-usdc-tornado-cash.yaml.

World Bank

Lebanon Economic Monitor, Fall 2019: So When Gravity Beckons, the Poor Don't Fall

Licence: pending: Not yet provided
Downloads and exports: Not allowed: shown on this site only, not in exports.
Attribution: pending: Not yet provided
Update rhythm: One-off upload
Responsible: data-desk
Series: No time series; cited as a source in ratings and texts.
Note: Banks closed from 18 to 31 October 2019, reopened with informal capital controls, and closed again for 10 days from 9 November; banks set withdrawal ceilings of around USD 1,000 and LBP 2 million per week per account; severe limitations on transfers abroad. The licence of this report was not determined. Cited by incidents/inc-2019-lb-capital-controls.yaml.

World Bank

World Development Indicators: Automated teller machines (ATMs) (per 100,000 adults)

Licence

CC-BY-4.0

Downloads and exports

Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.

Attribution

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0), based on the IMF Financial Access Survey.

Update rhythm

Annually

Responsible

data-desk

Dataset code

FB.ATM.TOTL.P5

Series

worldbank-wdi-atm-at (Automated teller machines per 100,000 adults, Austria): delayed or incomplete
worldbank-wdi-atm-ch (Automated teller machines per 100,000 adults, Switzerland): delayed or incomplete
worldbank-wdi-atm-de (Automated teller machines per 100,000 adults, Germany): delayed or incomplete
worldbank-wdi-atm-es (Automated teller machines per 100,000 adults, Spain): delayed or incomplete
worldbank-wdi-atm-fr (Automated teller machines per 100,000 adults, France): delayed or incomplete
worldbank-wdi-atm-gb (Automated teller machines per 100,000 adults, United Kingdom): delayed or incomplete
worldbank-wdi-atm-it (Automated teller machines per 100,000 adults, Italy): delayed or incomplete
worldbank-wdi-atm-nl (Automated teller machines per 100,000 adults, Netherlands): delayed or incomplete
worldbank-wdi-atm-us (Automated teller machines per 100,000 adults, United States): delayed or incomplete

Note

The cash index's ATM density (concept §11). The indicator metadata (API v2, sources/2/series/FB.ATM.TOTL.P5/metadata) states License_Type "CC BY-4.0", the unit "(number of ATMs)*100,000/adult population" and the IMF Financial Access Survey as the original source; the World Bank's dataset terms (https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/legal/terms-conditions/datasets) put third-party conditions in that metadata, and it states none (checked 2026-10-02). Annual values per economy; the latest years are often still empty (no value, never 0). The metadata notes that population ratios assume an even spread of machines, while ATMs concentrate in cities.

World Bank

World Development Indicators: Inflation, consumer prices (annual %)

Licence

CC-BY-4.0

Downloads and exports

Allowed: the data may be passed on with attribution.

Attribution

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0).

Update rhythm

Annually

Responsible

data-desk

Dataset code

FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG

Series

worldbank-wdi-cpi-ch-yoy (Inflation, consumer prices, Switzerland, annual): up to date
worldbank-wdi-cpi-gb-yoy (Inflation, consumer prices, United Kingdom, annual): up to date
worldbank-wdi-cpi-jp-yoy (Inflation, consumer prices, Japan, annual): up to date
worldbank-wdi-cpi-us-yoy (Inflation, consumer prices, United States, annual): delayed or incomplete
worldbank-wdi-cpi-ea-yoy (Inflation, consumer prices, euro area, annual): up to date

Note

CC BY 4.0 is the licence of the World Development Indicators database; changes, including translations, must be indicated. The indicator metadata (API v2, sources/2/series/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG/ metadata) states License_Type "CC BY-4.0" and names the IMF International Financial Statistics as the original source; the World Bank's dataset terms (https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/legal/terms-conditions/datasets) put third-party conditions in that metadata, and there are none for this indicator (checked 2026-09-29). Annual averages per economy (CH, GB, JP, US, and the euro area aggregate EMU); the long-run context next to the monthly inflation series.

Presidencia de la Nación (InfoLEG)

Presidencia de la Nación (InfoLEG)

Bitcoin Improvement Proposals (bitcoin/bips repository)

Bank for International Settlements (BIS)

Bank for International Settlements (BIS)

Bitcoin Core

Bitcoin.org

Bitcoin.org

Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (BOE)

Bank of England

Bank of Japan

Deutsche Bundesbank

Government of Canada, Department of Justice

Government of Canada, Department of Justice

Public Safety Canada

Bank of England

Bank of Jamaica

Bank of Jamaica

Central Bank of The Bahamas

Central Bank of The Bahamas (SandDollar)

Central Bank of Nigeria

European Central Bank (ECB)

European Central Bank (ECB)

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System

People's Bank of China (Working Group on E-CNY Research and Development)

Reserve Bank of India

Reserve Bank of India

Sveriges Riksbank

Swiss National Bank

U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission

Circle Internet Financial

Republic of Cyprus, Ministry of Finance, Public Debt Management Office

Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)

Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)

European Banking Authority (EBA)

European Banking Authority (EBA)

European Central Bank (ECB)

European Central Bank

European Central Bank (ECB)

European Central Bank (ECB)

European Central Bank (ECB)

European Central Bank (ECB)

European Central Bank

European Central Bank

European Central Bank

European Central Bank

European Central Bank

European Central Bank

European Commission

European Commission, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs

Electrum

European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA)

European Stability Mechanism (ESM)

ethereum.org

ethereum.org

Publications Office of the European Union (EUR-Lex, Official Journal of the European Union)

Publications Office of the European Union (EUR-Lex, Official Journal of the European Union)

Publications Office of the European Union (EUR-Lex, Official Journal of the European Union)

European Parliament, Economic Governance Support Unit (EGOV)

Eurostat

Eurostat

Eurostat

Financial Conduct Authority

Financial Conduct Authority

U.S. Department of the Treasury, Bureau of the Fiscal Service

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED); original source Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED); original source U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED); original source Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED); original source Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED); original source U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

ICE Benchmark Administration (LBMA Gold Price)

Légifrance (Republic of France)

Bitcoin Improvement Proposals (bitcoin/bips repository)

Chainalysis

European Central Bank (ECB)

European Commission, DG Taxation and Customs Union

European Commission, DG Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union

European Union, Your Europe

European Union, Your Europe